Abstract: Mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of tissue specimens can include training a learning model and using the trained learning model to classify tissue into at least two (or more than two) categories such as a tumor category, a non-tumor category, and a histology category. Resulting richer diagnostic indication can be provided and can optionally be mapped to a schema for RGB or other display. Efficient and accurate classification can employ an efficient linear SVM model representation. The model representation can include a ? spectrum including the fuller wavelength set, a central tendency indicator (?) of the training set, a spread indicator (?) of the training set, and a scaling factor. Various types of illuminators and response detectors can include one or more Quantum Cascade Lasers, broadband light source configured to permit spectral separation, a thermal or other imaging array, among others.

Abstract: Mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of tissue specimens can include training a learning model and using the trained learning model to classify tissue into at least two (or more than two) categories such as a tumor category, a non-tumor category, and a histology category. Resulting richer diagnostic indication can be provided and can optionally be mapped to a schema for RGB or other display. Efficient and accurate classification can employ an efficient linear SVM model representation. The model representation can include a ? spectrum including the fuller wavelength set, a central tendency indicator (?) of the training set, a spread indicator (?) of the training set, and a scaling factor. Various types of illuminators and response detectors can include one or more Quantum Cascade Lasers, broadband light source configured to permit spectral separation, a thermal or other imaging array, among others.

Abstract: Signal processing techniques that can include an embedded software low-noise response pulse detection, which can help provide an enhanced signal-to-noise characteristic, such as can help permit highly specific fast IR spectroscopic tissue analysis. Using a difference between (1) response signal values during a first time period duration of a response pulse from a tissue sample illuminated by illumination pulse, and (2) response signal values for a similar first time period duration between response pulses, for a low duty cycle (e.g., less than 50%, 10% or even at about 5% duty cycle) illumination pulse, accumulation of noise in the response signal between electromagnetic illumination pulses can be limited. In particular, the described signal pre-processing techniques can help extract meaningful information for performing spectroscopic analysis and characterization of the tissue sample despite amplitude and temporal variations that can be encountered when using the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved synthesis of fullerene (C.sub.60) films, whereby improved purity and adhesion to a substrate are achieved. The invention is not limited to C.sub.60 molecules and other fullerenes and fullerene based materials, including for example, metallofullerenes, fluorinated fullerenes, and codeposition of fullerene and other solid lubricants. The invention also relates to the use of these fullerene materials in oils, greases, polymers and other materials, both organic and inorganic, for improving lubrication and wear life. The invention further relates to a process for the ion bombardment of fullerene materials, including but not limited to, C.sub.60 fullerene materials to improve their tribological properties.