Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a degenerative joint disease. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diketopiperazine with amino acid side chains of aspartic acid and alanine (DA-DKP). The invention also provides a pharmaceutical product as well as a kit comprising DA-DKP.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing the side effects of tramadol. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the invention provides a method of reducing the incidence of newly-discovered side effects related to sexual function in human males taking a tramadol material. The method comprises administering a phosphodiesterase inhibitor to a male taking the tramadol material. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The invention further provides kits. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and kits for diagnosing and monitoring inflammation and/or ischemia in an animal. The methods comprise determining the quantity of a post-translationally modified protein, other than phosphorylated tau, present in a body fluid from an animal. The invention also provides an improved method and kits for diagnosing appendicitis in an animal. The method comprises determining the quantities of orthohydroxyhippuric acid and of a marker of general inflammation, such as a post-translationally modified protein, present in one or more body fluids of the animal.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating comorbid premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. In particular, the method comprises administering an effective amount of a tramadol material and an effective amount of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The invention further provides a kit comprising a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating comorbid premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. In particular, the method comprises administering an effective amount of a tramadol material and an effective amount of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The invention further provides a kit comprising a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing the side effects of tramadol. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the invention provides a method of reducing the incidence of newly-discovered side effects related to sexual function in human males taking a tramadol material. The method comprises administering a phosphodiesterase inhibitor to a male taking the tramadol material. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The invention further provides kits. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of reducing the damage done by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an animal. The invention also provides a method of reducing the concentration of a metal in an animal. These methods comprise administering to the animal an effective amount of a metal-binding compound as further described in the application. The invention further provides a method of reducing the damage done by ROS to a cell, a tissue or an organ that has been removed from an animal. This method comprising contacting the cell, tissue or organ with a solution or medium containing an effective amount of a metal-binding compound of the invention. The invention further provides novel metal-binding compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the metal-binding compounds, and kits comprising a container holding a metal-binding compound of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of reducing the damage done by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an animal. The invention also provides a method of reducing the concentration of a metal in an animal. These methods comprise administering to the animal an effective amount of a metal-binding compound as further described in the application. The invention further provides a method of reducing the damage done by ROS to a cell, a tissue or an organ that has been removed from an animal. This method comprising contacting the cell, tissue or organ with a solution or medium containing an effective amount of a metal-binding compound of the invention. The invention further provides novel metal-binding compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the metal-binding compounds, and kits comprising a container holding a metal-binding compound of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of reducing the damage done by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an animal. The invention also provides a method of reducing the concentration of a metal in an animal. These methods comprise administering to the animal an effective amount of a metal-binding compound as further described in the application. The invention further provides a method of reducing the damage done by ROS to a cell, a tissue or an organ that has been removed from an animal. This method comprising contacting the cell, tissue or organ with a solution or medium containing an effective amount of a metal-binding compound of the invention. The invention further provides novel metal-binding compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the metal-binding compounds, and kits comprising a container holding a metal-binding compound of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rapid methods for the detection of ischemic states and to kits for use in such methods. Provided for is a rapid method of testing for and quantifying ischemia based upon methods of detecting and quantifying the existence of an alteration of the serum protein albumin which occurs following an ischemic event; methods for detecting and quantifying this alteration include evaluating and quantifying the cobalt binding capacity of circulating albumin, analysis and measurement of the ability of serum albumin to bind exogenous cobalt, detection and measurement of the presence of endogenous copper in a purified albumin sample and use of an immunological assay specific to the altered form of serum albumin which occurs following an ischemic event.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing the side effects of tramadol. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the invention provides a method of reducing the incidence of newly-discovered side effects related to sexual function in human males taking a tramadol material. The method comprises administering a phosphodiesterase inhibitor to a male taking the tramadol material. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The invention further provides kits. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a tramadol material and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.