Abstract: A microwave energy plasma source comprises a cylinder with a top lid that allows a centrally located plasma tube to be supplied with a process gas. On opposite sides of the cylinder walls are located a pair of push-pull air fans that provide a cooling air flow through the inside chamber of the cylinder. Orthogonal to the pair of fans, a microwave energy applicator is mounted to the cylinder walls and has a ring type slow wave structure which surrounds the plasma tube. The bottoms of the cylinder and the plasma tube are connected through a coupler to a process chamber in which is situated a semiconductor wafer being processed. In alternative embodiments, the cylinder has included a movable planar floor and ceiling between which is formed a tunable microwave cavity. Such top and bottom tuning plates are adjusted such that the microwave source impedance is optimally matched to the microwave applicator terminating impedance by affecting the tuned frequency of the ring type slow wave structure.

Abstract: A microwave applicator has exactly six equal length parallel rods equally distributed in 60° angular intervals in a circle, and at circumferential intervals that are one half the wavelength of operation of a microwave power source. The circumference is therefore preferred to be three wavelengths. The top ends of every rod terminate in a top planar shorting ring. The bottom ends of every rod terminate in a bottom planar shorting ring which is perpendicular to each of the rods and which is parallel to the top planar shorting ring. Intermediate to the two planar shorting rings are an upper and lower planar feed ring that are each parallel to the outside planar shorting rings. The upper planar feed ring connects to odd numbered rods and the lower planar feed ring connects to even numbered rods. A ridged tapered waveguide is connected to the feed rings at a point intersected by any one of the rods.

Abstract: A modular semiconductor wafer processing system comprises a plurality of detachable process reactors and other types of generators that can be quick-clamped to any of several ports on the lid of a circular wafer handling chamber. A multiple-spoke single-axis rigid-arm transfer carousel centrally located within the circular wafer handling chamber has access to the respective process areas beneath each port in the lid. A set of independent cylindrical rings are provided to rise up from the floor of the circular wafer handling chamber to contact and seal against the lid to isolate each of the process stations. The multiple-spoke single-axis rigid-arm transfer carousel is automatically positioned out of the way before the cylindrical rings are raised and sealed.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer processing carousel comprises an elevator chamber that accepts cassettes loaded with semiconductor wafers through a removable vacuum lock door, an elevator platform on which the cassettes ride up and down, an elevator drive to automatically position the elevator platform, a lid and a circular wafer handling chamber with an anteroom chamber connection to the elevator chamber. A double-axis wafer transfer arm provides for linear transfer through the anteroom chamber of selected wafers between the cassettes and a first pre-heating and cool-down process station within the circular wafer handling chamber. A multiple-spoke single-axis rigid-arm transfer carousel is centrally located within the circular wafer handling chamber and has access to multiple process stations. A set of independent cylindrical rings are positioned to rise up from the handling chamber bottom of the circular wafer handling chamber to contact and seal against the lid to isolate each of the process stations.

Abstract: A modular semiconductor wafer processing system comprises a plurality of detachable process reactors and other types of generators that can be attached to any of several ports on the lid of a circular wafer handling chamber. A multiple-spoke single-axis rigid-arm transfer carousel centrally located within the circular wafer handling chamber has access to the respective process areas beneath each port in the lid. A set of independent cylindrical sleeves with sealing rings are provided to rise up from the floor of the circular wafer handling chamber to contact and seal against the lid to isolate each of the process stations. The multiple-spoke single-axis rigid-arm transfer carousel is automatically positioned out of the way before the cylindrical rings are raised and sealed.

Abstract: A modular gas box system comprises a series of modules that each connect into upper and lower manifolds that distribute reactive and purge gases through weldments and monoblock valves. A motherboard distributes power, control signals, and pneumatics air to all the plug-in modules. Environmental modules provide vent and purge lines to the process' reaction chambers. An embedded microcomputer manages in situ system and safety diagnostics for each and every module that has been assigned a motherboard address. Each gas module 24 is easy to remove and replace and the pneumatics control motherboard integrates pneumatics distribution, analog-to-digital converters, device controllers and support electronics. Gas module 24s include digital mass flow controllers, analog and digital pressure switches and transducers, gas filters and pneumatic valves.