Abstract: A mechanical shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is a coiled spring shunt inserted in part into a hole formed in one of the electrical terminals in the socket so that it is cantilevered toward the opposing electrical terminal. The bulb holder carries a projection or a “tooth” on its bottom corner that is interposed between the first, cantilevered end of the spring terminal and the first electrical terminal when the holder is inserted into the socket. When the bulb and holder are removed, the spring shunt resiliently returns to engagement with the first electrical terminal.

Abstract: A mechanical shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is a coiled spring shunt inserted in part into a hole formed in one of the electrical terminals in the socket so that it is cantilevered toward the opposing electrical terminal. The bulb holder carries a projection or a “tooth” on its bottom corner that is interposed between the first, cantilevered end of the spring terminal and the first electrical terminal when the holder is inserted into the socket. When the bulb and holder are removed, the spring shunt resiliently returns to engagement with the first electrical terminal.

Abstract: A shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is a conductive spring held in position by a shunt housing between the two conductive terminals so that both of its curved lateral ends contact the terminals when the bulb holder is removed. When the bulb holder is inserted, a pushrod on the flat central portion of the conductive spring presses the spring down into a well in the shunt housing so that the curved lateral ends of the conductive spring are drawn away from the electrical terminals, thereby allowing current to flow through the Dumet wires to the filament.

Abstract: A mechanical shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is a pair of cantilevered portions from the electrical terminals inside the socket of a lamp in a string of lights. The portions touch and conduct electrical current when no lamp holder is in the socket but are separated by a button on the bottom of the lamp holder when the lamp holder is not in the socket. The cantilevered portions are formed in such a way that they rub together when opening, closing or when the socket undergoes expansion and contraction with changing temperature in order to prevent the buildup of corrosion on the teeth on the end of the cantilevered portion that would preclude their ability to make good electrical contact when needed.

Abstract: A mechanical shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is a pair of cantilevered portions from the electrical terminals inside the socket of a lamp in a string of lights. The portions touch and conduct electrical current when no lamp holder is in the socket but are separated by a button on the bottom of the lamp holder when the lamp holder is not in the socket. The cantilevered portions are formed in such a way that they rub together when opening, closing or when the socket undergoes expansion and contraction with changing temperature in order to prevent the buildup of corrosion on the teeth on the end of the cantilevered portion that would preclude their ability to make good electrical contact when needed.

Abstract: A mechanical shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is a coiled spring shunt held by one of the electrical terminals in the socket so that it is cantilevered toward and in electrical contact with the other electrical terminal. The central portion of the spring shunt has a larger diameter. The lamp holder has bottom that, upon insertion of the holder into the socket, presses down on the central portion of the spring shunt so that its first end is moved out of electrical contact with the first electrical terminal, thereby allowing electrical current to pass through the filament in the bulb.

Abstract: A string of lights has an electrical plug at one end and a receptacle at the other end and plural light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in series with a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. The device also includes a bridge rectifier providing direct current to the LEDs and the thermistor but split between the plug and receptacle of the light string so that alternating current from the plug is delivered to the receptacle but direct current flow through the LEDs. Light string fuses protect the string but the NTC fuses protect the LEDs at a lower current rating. The LEDs can be arranged in a simple electrical series, or, in an alternative embodiment, an electrical series of groups of plural LEDs each of which is arranged electrically in parallel with other LEDs of the same group.

Abstract: A string of lights has an electrical plug at one end and a receptacle at the other end and plural light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in series with a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. The device also includes a bridge rectifier providing direct current to the LEDs and the thermistor but split between the plug and receptacle of the light string so that alternating current from the plug is delivered to the receptacle but direct current flow through the LEDs. Light string fuses protect the string but the NTC fuses protect the LEDs at a lower current rating. The LEDs can be arranged in a simple electrical series, or, in an alternative embodiment, an electrical series of groups of plural LEDs each of which is arranged electrically in parallel with other LEDs of the same group.

Abstract: An asymmetrical shunt switch for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present switch is a shaped spring held in position between the two conducting terminals by a holder so that both of its lateral sides contact the terminals when the base is removed. When the base is inserted, a depending prong on the bottom corner of the base presses one side of the shaped spring away from its terminal and thereby allows current to flow through the Dumet wires to the filament.

Abstract: A light for use in light strings has a deeper socket, a longer base and longer Dumet wires than a standard socket, base, and Dumet wires so that the standard bases and bulbs will not operate in the non-standard socket. Furthermore, the base and sockets are keyed so that they are restricted to at most two orientations with respect to each other and cannot be twisted with respect to each other.

Abstract: A mechanical shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is generally T-shaped spring shunt with lateral ends with curved portions. The shunt is held by a shunt holder between the two conducting electrical terminals on the wall of the socket. Its curved portions contact the terminals when the base is removed but is electrically and physically separated from the terminals by the depending flanges of the base when the base is inserted.

Abstract: An LED light string includes series-connected groups of individual LEDs or sets of LEDs, with each LED or set of LEDs in each group being electrically in parallel with each other LED or set of LEDs and with a parallel group device that regulates voltage within the group when LEDs in that group fail. The current to the LEDs is rectified, either in the light string plug or receptacle, preferably the latter. The color of each light in the group, or colors of each set in the group must be the same but successive groups can include LEDs of different colors. In an alternative embodiment, the LEDs can be oriented so that half light on during the first half of an alternating current cycle and the other half light during the second half of an alternating current cycle.

Abstract: A lamp for a light string has a mechanical shunt to allow current to pass to the next light in the event of a missing bulb. A resilient shunt is held in a generally lateral orientation by a shunt holder within the socket. When the hollow base with its bottom opening is inserted into the socket, the walls of the base cam the ends of the shunt away from the electrical contacts on the walls of the socket. Likewise, when the base is removed, the resilient lateral ends of the shunt return to engage the electrical contacts. The timing of the contact by the shunt with the electrical contacts avoids arcing. Additionally, slits formed in the wall of the base allows the Dumet wires to exit the sides of the base in the correct location for engaging the electrical contacts, thus reducing the instances of misaligned Dumet wires.

Abstract: An electrical receptacle for use in a string of holiday lighting that has a removable, replaceable, on-board power control board. The control board taps into normal alternating current delivered to the receptacle from a pair of wires running from an electrical plug and uses it to deliver electrical power through a fuse to a third wire that supplies current to a set of lights carried by the third wire as it runs from the receptacle back to the plug. The control board may also rectify the current to the third wire so that the lights operate on direct current rather than alternating current. However the receptacle delivers alternating current to subsequent load plugged into it. The control board is also capable, with suitable choices of components carried by it, of other modifications of the electrical current it delivers to the third wire.

Abstract: A light socket with a terminal cover and lamp lock is disclosed. This single, molded piece is resiliently attached to the top lip of the socket and is held, cantilevered, over the central terminal. Screwing the lamp into the socket, displaces the cover and lock into a gap formed in the socket threads. Pressure of the resilient lock laterally against the lamp base helps to hold the lamp in place. Contacts that electrically connect the central terminal and line wire conductor and the lamp base and the neutral wire are both formed with lower portions shaped like inverted “Vs” that slice perpendicularly into the insulation to capture their respective conductors in the crotch of the V to assure good contact regardless of whether the conductors are centered in their insulation.

Abstract: An electrical receptacle for use in a string of holiday lighting that has a removable, replaceable, on-board power control board. The control board taps into normal alternating current delivered to the receptacle from a pair of wires running from an electrical plug and uses it to deliver electrical power through a fuse to a third wire that supplies current to a set of lights carried by the third wire as it runs from the receptacle back to the plug. The control board may also rectify the current to the third wire so that the lights operate on direct current rather than alternating current. However the receptacle delivers alternating current to subsequent load plugged into it. The control board is also capable, with suitable choices of components carried by it, of other modifications of the electrical current it delivers to the third wire.

Abstract: A light socket with a terminal cover and lamp lock is disclosed. This single, molded piece is resiliently attached to the top lip of the socket and is held, cantilevered, over the central terminal. Screwing the lamp into the socket, displaces the cover and lock into a gap formed in the socket threads. Pressure of the resilient lock laterally against the lamp base helps to hold the lamp in place. Contacts that electrically connect the central terminal and line wire conductor and the lamp base and the neutral wire are both formed with lower portions shaped like inverted “Vs” that slice perpendicularly into the insulation to capture their respective conductors in the crotch of the V to assure good contact regardless of whether the conductors are centered in their insulation.

Abstract: A multi-fusable electrical receptacle includes a power section telescopically received within a fuse section. The receptacle may receive fuses of different sizes and ratings for different applications such as for use with a string of holiday lights and as part of an extension cord. The power section holds two wires at the bottoms of two channels. The fuse section includes two fuse holders in separate channels, each with a spring contact. When the power section and fuse section are slid together, two fuses or a single fuse and a buss bar held by the fuse holders run from the channels of the fuse section to the channels of the power section thereby forming two separate electrical paths from wires to the spring contacts. A cavity formed in the power section is dimensioned to receive the two wires folded double for better pull strength. The cavity is covered by a locking lid so that the entire receptacle housing, when the fuse section is secured to the power section, is water-tight.

Abstract: A multi-fusable electrical receptacle includes a power section telescopically received within a fuse section. The receptacle may receive fuses of different sizes and ratings for different applications such as for use with a string of holiday lights and as part of an extension cord. The power section holds two wires at the bottoms of two channels. The fuse section includes two fuse holders in separate channels, each with a spring contact. When the power section and fuse section are slid together, two fuses or a single fuse and a buss bar held by the fuse holders run from the channels of the fuse section to the channels of the power section thereby forming two separate electrical paths from wires to the spring contacts. A cavity formed in the power section is dimensioned to receive the two wires folded double for better pull strength. The cavity is covered by a locking lid so that the entire receptacle housing, when the fuse section is secured to the power section, is water-tight.