Abstract: A method and apparatus for booting a computer. The method comprises the steps of emulating a floppy disk drive communicatively coupled to a computer in a token via a USB-compatible interface, and booting the computer using the token. The apparatus comprises means for performing these functions, including a token with a processor having one or more memories storing processor instructions and data for performing the method steps. The memory may also securely store sensitive data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for booting a computer. The method comprises the steps of emulating a floppy disk drive communicatively coupled to a computer in a token via a USB-compatible interface, and booting the computer using the token. The apparatus comprises means for performing these functions, including a token with a processor having one or more memories storing processor instructions and data for performing the method steps. The memory may also securely store sensitive data.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an air flow target within an internal combustion engine. The method includes determining an air mass flow rate target, determining an engine speed term, and processing these terms to obtain an air flow target. The air flow target can be used as an input for vehicle controllers including those for controlling pressurized induction systems.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an air mass flow rate target within an internal combustion engine. The method includes determining a reference air mass flow rate term, determining a predicted compressibility term, and processing these terms to determine an air mass flow rate target. The air mass flow rate term can be used as an input for vehicle controllers including those for controlling pressurized induction systems.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an air mass flow rate target within an internal combustion engine. The method includes determining a reference air mass flow rate term, determining a predicted compressibility term, and processing these terms to determine an air mass flow rate target. The air mass flow rate term can be used as an input for vehicle controllers including those for controlling pressurized induction systems.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an air flow target within an internal combustion engine. The method includes determining an air mass flow rate target, determining an engine speed term, and processing these terms to obtain an air flow target. The air flow target can be used as an input for vehicle controllers including those for controlling pressurized induction systems.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling engine torque during a closed to open throttle transition in order to eliminate undesirable accelerations and oscillations from the powertrain.

Abstract: A method for characterizing the friction losses within an internal combustion engine includes determining a start-up friction term, a mechanical friction term, a pumping loss term, and an adapted friction term to compensate for long-term frictional changes in the engine. A total engine frictional loss is determined by summing the start-up friction term, the mechanical friction term, the pumping loss term and the adapted friction term.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing the idle of an engine for a motor vehicle includes determining an engine rotational speed, modifying the engine rotational speed to define a friction engine speed, estimating a mechanical friction loss as a function of the friction engine speed, defining a torque request as a function of the mechanical friction loss and utilizing the torque request to control the engine at idle.

Abstract: A method for bypassing a controlled quantity of airflow around a throttle body of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle during periods of sudden deceleration of the vehicle. The method makes use of a bypass valve having an input end in communication with an air inlet of a throttle body of the engine and an outlet in communication with an air inlet of the intake manifold of the engine. When sudden closing of the throttle is sensed, or when the throttle is closed, the bypass valve is opened to a degree sufficient to enable an additional quantity of air to flow therethrough and into the inlet of the intake manifold. The invention significantly reduces the drop in engine rpm experienced during sudden deceleration of the vehicle, to thereby substantially reduce or eliminate powertrain vibration that results during sudden deceleration.