Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid based probes and methods for discriminating and detecting single nucleotide variants in nucleic acid molecules (e.g., DNA). The methods include use of a pair of probes can be used to detect and identify polymorphisms, for example single nucleotide polymorphism in DNA. The pair of probes emit a different fluorescent wavelength of light depending on the association and alignment of the probes when hybridized to a target nucleic acid molecule. Each pair of probes is capable of discriminating at least two different nucleic acid molecules that differ by at least a single nucleotide difference. The methods can probes can be used, for example, for detection of DNA polymorphisms that are indicative of a particular disease or condition.

Abstract: Described herein are nucleic acid based probes and methods for discriminating and detecting single nucleotide variants in nucleic acid molecules (e.g., DNA). The methods include use of a pair of probes can be used to detect and identify polymorphisms, for example single nucleotide polymorphism in DNA. The pair of probes emit a different fluorescent wavelength of light depending on the association and alignment of the probes when hybridized to a target nucleic acid molecule. Each pair of probes is capable of discriminating at least two different nucleic acid molecules that differ by at least a single nucleotide difference. The methods can probes can be used, for example, for detection of DNA polymorphisms that are indicative of a particular disease or condition.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) circuit includes first and second terminals, a forward circuit including a number of LEDs electrically connected in series, and a forward steering diode electrically connected in series with the LEDs. The series combination of the forward steering diode and the LEDs is electrically connected between the first and second terminals, and is structured to conduct current in a first direction with respect to the first and second terminals in order to illuminate the LEDs. A reverse circuit includes a resistor, and a reverse steering diode electrically connected in series with the resistor. The series combination of the reverse steering diode and the resistor is electrically connected between the first and second terminals, and is structured to conduct current in an opposite second direction with respect to the first and second terminals such that the LEDs are not illuminated. An LED drive circuit is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for rapid haplotyping a DNA or RNA segment. Two or more target sites on a segment of DNA or RNA are labeled with separate distinguishable luminescent hybridization probes, where the targets are selected genetic markers. A dilute solution is formed containing the labeled DNA or RNA segments. Each DNA or RNA segment is illuminated with light beams effective to excite each luminescent hybridization probe, when present. The presence or absence of each luminescent hybridization probe on each DNA or RNA segment is detected to determine the haplotype of each DNA or RNA segment.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of detecting a binding event between biomolecules is disclosed and includes admixing a target molecule including a first fluorophore and membrane vesicles including a trifunctional linker molecule, said trifunctional linker molecule including a second fluorophore, to form a sample, introducing a library of elements into said sample, each of said library elements having a binding affinity for said trifunctional linker molecule, and, screening said sample for fluorescence from said first fluorophore and said second fluorophore, such fluorescence indicative of a binding event between an element from said library of elements and said target molecule.