Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a pre-chamber. In one example, a pre-chamber comprises a plurality of slots fluidly coupling it to a primary combustion chamber. The plurality of slots comprising a plurality of corresponding flaps configured to direct gases through the plurality of slots.

Abstract: An exhaust system is provided for an automotive engine of vehicles with exhaust conduits having a textured surface. The system comprises a plurality of cylinder exhaust ports, and an exhaust manifold including a plurality of exhaust runners fluidly coupled to the plurality of cylinder exhaust ports, where at least one exhaust runner of the plurality of exhaust runners includes a plurality of steps or dimples protruding outward from the exhaust runner. In one example, the system promotes an effective mixing of oxygen and hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream to reduce engine emissions.

Abstract: An exhaust system is provided for an automotive engine of vehicles with exhaust conduits having a textured surface. The system comprises a plurality of cylinder exhaust ports, and an exhaust manifold including a plurality of exhaust runners fluidly coupled to the plurality of cylinder exhaust ports, where at least one exhaust runner of the plurality of exhaust runners includes a plurality of steps or dimples protruding outward from the exhaust runner. In one example, the system promotes an effective mixing of oxygen and hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream to reduce engine emissions.

Abstract: Systems are provided for a pre-chamber. In one example, a pre-chamber comprises a passage outside of a primary combustion chamber for flowing fuel directly from a fuel injector to an interior volume of the pre-chamber.

Abstract: Systems are provided for a pre-chamber. In one example, a pre-chamber comprises a passage outside of a primary combustion chamber for flowing fuel directly from a fuel injector to an interior volume of the pre-chamber.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a pre-chamber. In one example, a pre-chamber comprises a plurality of slots fluidly coupling it to a primary combustion chamber. The plurality of slots comprising a plurality of corresponding flaps configured to direct gases through the plurality of slots.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine that includes a turbocharger with a wastegate is described. In one example, the method includes oscillating a position of the wastegate during cold engine starting as a function of a speed of an engine. The wastegate position may be adjusted to follow a square wave, sinusoidal wave, or triangle wave.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a pre-chamber. In one example, a pre-chamber comprises a plurality of slots fluidly coupling it to a primary combustion chamber. The plurality of slots comprising a plurality of corresponding flaps configured to direct gases through the plurality of slots.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine that includes a turbocharger with a wastegate is described. In one example, the method includes oscillating a position of the wastegate during cold engine starting as a function of a speed of an engine. The wastegate position may be adjusted to follow a square wave, sinusoidal wave, or triangle wave.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a pre-chamber. In one example, a pre-chamber comprises a plurality of slots fluidly coupling it to a primary combustion chamber. The plurality of slots comprising a plurality of corresponding flaps configured to direct gases through the plurality of slots.

Abstract: Systems and methods for opening and closing exhaust poppet valves of an engine are disclosed. In one example, the exhaust poppet valves may be opened and closed twice during a cycle of an engine via two serially arranged cam lobes that are coupled to a crankshaft so that hydrocarbons may be retained in a cylinder.

Abstract: A method for providing toxin information and recommendations includes receiving toxin content data for at least one ingredient. The toxin content data may include the type and amount for toxins found in the ingredient. The ingredient is classified based on the toxin content data and a predetermined allowable toxin amount for the ingredient. Based on the classification of the ingredient, ingredient storage information is displayed. In addition, ingredient use information may be displayed based on the toxin content data.

Abstract: A lifting tool for use with a standard rib or chest retractor device where the tool acts to obliquely lift and spread open an incision, the chest wall and ribs, the tool having a pair of extended hook members disposed generally parallel and co-planarly on a mounting flange member.

Abstract: A lifting tool for use with a standard rib or chest retractor device where the tool acts to obliquely lift and spread open an incision, the chest wall and ribs, the tool having a pair of extended hook members disposed generally parallel and co-planarly on a mounting flange member.