Abstract: A method of calculating a sub-hologram of a virtual image point for an optical system includes determining an area delimited by straight line paths from the virtual image point to the perimeter of an entrance pupil of a viewer. The area includes a first area component on a first virtual replica of a display device and a second area component on a second virtual replica of the display device. The method also includes determining a first sub-hologram component of the virtual image point within the first area component and a second sub-hologram component of the virtual image point within the second area component. The method additionally includes superimposing the first sub-hologram component and second sub-hologram component to form a sub-hologram of the virtual image point. The method further includes applying a local phase-ramp function to at least one of the first area component and second area component.

Abstract: There is provided ahead-up display in a vehicle arranged to display a picture, the head-up display comprises a first optical sub-system disposed in an upper region of the windscreen and a second optical sub-system disposed underneath the dashboard of the vehicle proximate a lower region of the windscreen. The first optical sub-system is arranged to output a light field. The first optical sub-system comprises a light source and a spatial light modulator. The light source is arranged to emit light. The spatial light modulator is arranged to receive the light from the light source and spatially-modulated the light in accordance with a computer-generated hologram displayed on the spatial light modulator. The second optical sub-system is arranged to receive the light field from the first optical sub-system and project the light field onto a windscreen of the vehicle to form a virtual image on the windscreen.

Abstract: There is provided a head-up display for a vehicle having a window. The head-up display comprises a picture generating unit (410) and an optical system (420). The picture generating unit is arranged to output pictures. The optical system is arranged to receive the pictures output by the picture generating unit and project the pictures onto the window (430) of the vehicle to form a virtual image (450, 707) of each picture within a virtual image area (605). The picture generating unit is arranged to output pictures within a cropped picture area such that the virtual image area (605) has a corresponding cropped shape. FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a three lanes road (501,502,503) onto which a virtual image (707) within a cropped virtual image area (605) is overlaid.

Abstract: There is provided a lighting system for a vehicle. The lighting system comprises a holographic projector and a light distribution system. The holographic projector comprises a hologram engine and a spatial light modulator. The hologram engine is arranged to output holograms. The spatial light modulator is arranged to display each hologram and spatially-modulate light in accordance with each hologram. The spatially-modulated light forms a holographic reconstruction, corresponding to each hologram, on a replay plane. The light distribution system comprises a plurality of optical fibres. Each optical fibre comprises an input optically-coupled to respective sub-area of the replay plane and an output optically coupled with an illumination sub-system of the vehicle.

Abstract: A head-up display for a vehicle having a window. The head-up display comprises a picture generating unit and a projection engine. The picture generating unit is arranged to output pictures. Each picture comprises a first picture component and a second picture component. The projection engine is arranged to receive the pictures output by the picture generating unit and project the pictures onto the window of the vehicle in order to form a first virtual image of the first picture component at a first virtual image distance and a second virtual image of the second picture component at a second virtual image distance. Light of the first picture component is polarised in a first polarisation direction and light of the second picture component is polarised in a second polarisation direction perpendicular to the first polarisation direction.

Abstract: There is provided a head-up display for a vehicle having a window. The head-up display comprises a picture generating unit (410) and an optical system (420). The picture generating unit is arranged to output pictures. The optical system is arranged to receive the pictures output by the picture generating unit and project the pictures onto the window (430) of the vehicle to form a virtual image (450, 707) of each picture within a virtual image area (605). The picture generating unit is arranged to output pictures within a cropped picture area such that the virtual image area (605) has a corresponding cropped shape. FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a three lanes road (501,502,503) onto which a virtual image (707) within a cropped virtual image area (605) is overlaid.

Abstract: A method including determining, from a first hologram of an image, a second hologram of a portion of the image. The method includes providing or receiving the first hologram of the image. The method further includes propagating a complex field corresponding to the first hologram from a hologram plane to an image plane. The method further includes modifying amplitudes of the complex field in the image plane by setting amplitude components of the complex field that correspond to regions of the image that are outside of the portion of the image to be zero. The method further includes propagating the modified complex field back from the image plane to the hologram plane thereby obtaining the second hologram of the portion of the image.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a waveguide including an optical slab and an optical wedge. The optical slab has a first refractive index, n1>1. The optical slab includes: a pair of opposing surfaces and an input port. The pair of opposing surfaces are arranged in a parallel configuration. The input port is arranged to receive light into the optical slab at an angle such that the light is guided between the first and second opposing surfaces. The optical wedge has a second refractive index, n2, wherein 1<n2<n1. The optical wedge includes a pair of opposing surfaces arranged in a wedge configuration. A first surface of the optical wedge abuts the second surface of the optical slab to form an interface. The angle of the wedge allows light received at the interface to escape through the second surface of the optical wedge such that the exit pupil of the waveguide is expanded.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and corresponding method to display a hologram is described. A grey level value for each pixel of a hologram is received and a pixel voltage based on grey level for each pixel of the hologram is determined. The pixels of the display device are driven in accordance with a first representation of the pixel voltages during at least one first drive event. The pixels of the display device are driven in accordance a second representation of the pixel voltages during at least one second drive event after the at least one first drive event. The first representation may be an n-bit representation and the second representation may be a m-bit representation and n<m. The at least one first drive event may be shorter in duration than the at least one second drive event.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging system arranged to scan a scene is provided. A light source outputs light having a first characteristic. A spatial light modulator receives output light from the light source and outputs spatially-modulated light in accordance with computer-generated holograms represented thereon. A light detector receives light having the first characteristic from the scene and outputs a light response signal. A holographic controller is arranged to output a plurality of computer-generated holograms to the spatial light modulator. Each computer-generated hologram is arranged to form structured light having a corresponding pattern within the scene. The holographic controller is further arranged to change the pattern of the structured light formed by at least one of the plurality of computer-generated holograms.

Abstract: A display system and light control layer is described. The display system includes an optical component having a reflective surface. A light control layer is disposed on a first surface of the optical component on an optical path of sunlight to the reflective surface. The light control layer includes a louvre structure including an array of louvres. Each louvre is arranged at an orientation angle relative to the first surface. The separation between adjacent/neighbouring louvres is such that the distal end/edge of one louvre overlaps the proximal end/edge of the adjacent/neighbouring louvre.

Abstract: Embodiments include systems and methods for operating a head-up display for a vehicle. Embodiments include a first light engine, a second light engine, at least one waveguide, an eye-box for a viewer, and a light detector. The first light engine is arranged to form a first wavefront (e.g., a first holographic wavefront) formed by illuminating a first hologram of a picture, and the second light engine is arranged to form a second wavefront. The waveguide includes an input, pair of opposing reflective surfaces, and an output. The input is arranged to receive the first and second holographic wavefronts. The pair of opposing reflective surfaces is arranged to waveguide the first holographic wavefront and second wavefront therebetween by internal reflection. A first surface of the pair of opposing reflective surfaces is partially transmissive thereby forming an output port for a plurality of replicas of the first and second holographic wavefronts.

Abstract: A method of head-up display for a vehicle. A first step comprises displaying a hologram of an image on a display device and spatially modulating light in accordance with the displayed hologram to form a holographic wavefront. A second step comprises replicating the holographic wavefront in a first direction using a first pupil expander to form a 1D array of replicas of the holographic wavefront. A third step comprises using a windscreen of the vehicle as a second pupil expander to form a 2D array of replicas of the holographic wavefront from the 1D array of replicas.

Abstract: A projection system comprising a display device, a hologram engine and a waveguide. The display device is arranged to display a hologram of an image and spatially modulate light in accordance with the hologram to form a holographic wavefront. The hologram engine is arranged to calculate the hologram. The hologram is arranged to angularly distribute light within the holographic wavefront in accordance with spatial position within the image such that continuous angular ranges of the holographic wavefront respectively correspond with continuous regions of the image. The waveguide comprising a pair of parallel reflective surfaces arranged to waveguide the holographic wavefront therebetween. A first surface of the pair of parallel reflective surfaces is partially reflective-transmissive so as to form an output comprising a plurality of emission zones for the holographic wavefront.

Abstract: A method of holographic projection includes projecting at least one calibration image.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a display device comprising a picture generating unit, a waveguide pupil expander and a viewer-tracking system. The picture generating unit comprises a first display channel, a second display channel and a controller. The first display channel is arranged to output first spatially-modulated light of a first colour. The first spatially-modulated light corresponds to a first picture. The second display channel is arranged to output second spatially-modulated light of a second colour. The second spatially-modulated light corresponding to a second picture. The controller is arranged to drive the first display channel and second display channel. The waveguide pupil expander comprises a pair of parallel reflective surfaces. The waveguide pupil expander defines an input port and a viewing window. The input port is arranged to receive the first spatially-modulated light and the second spatially-modulated light.

Abstract: A light turning element and a method fabricating such a light turning element are described. The light turning element comprises a layer of liquid crystal material. The layer of liquid crystal material defining a plane. The layer of liquid crystal material is configured such that an angle (?) between a director (n) of the liquid crystal material and a first dimension (x) is an oscillating function of position in the first dimension x. The first dimension x is a dimension within the plane.

Abstract: A light engine arranged to form an image visible from a viewing window. The light engine comprises: a display device arranged to display a hologram of the image and spatially modulate light in accordance with the hologram; a hologram replicator arranged to receive the spatially modulated light and provide a plurality of different light propagation paths for the spatially modulated light from the display device to the viewing window; and a control device disposed in an optical path between the first replicator and the second replicator. The control device is angled such that light from the first replicator is incident at an acute angle on the control device, and each cell of the array is switchable between a first state and a second state.

Abstract: A head-up display arranged to form a virtual image viewable from an eye-box area. The head-up display is arranged to received picture content within a sub-region of a substantially quadrilateral display area. The head-up display further comprises an optical relay system arranged to relay the received picture content to an eye-box of the head-up display such that a virtual image of the picture content is visible therefrom. The optical relay system comprises at least one optical component shaped in correspondence with the shape of the sub-region. The shape of the eye-box area is non-rectangular such as a corner-cropped rectangular shape or elliptical shape.

Abstract: A method of driving a display device. The display device comprises a liquid crystal panel, a display engine and a hologram engine. The liquid crystal display panel comprising a plurality of pixels. The display device comprises a display engine arrange to drive each pixel of the plurality of pixels during each display interval of a plurality of display intervals defined by the display device. Each pixel is driven in accordance with a drive signal. The drive signal may comprise a pixel voltage for each pixel. The display engine is arranged to invert the polarity of the drive signal every display interval. The hologram engine is arranged to send multi-level phase holograms for display to the display engine. The method comprises displaying the multi-level phase holograms in immediately consecutive display intervals without field inversion.