Abstract: A glass-clad wire of ceramic superconductive material is produced by filling a glass-lined metal cylinder with a powder of superconductive material, sealing the cylinder ends and drawing the filled, sealed cylinder through dies of progressively smaller size until a predetermined wire size is achieved. The formed wire is then heat treated to assure necessary crystallinity in the superconductor material. Removal of the outer metal coating leaves a glass-clad superconductor wire.

Abstract: A wire of ceramic superconductive material is produced by filling a metal tube with a powder of superconductive material, sealing the tube ends and drawing the filled, sealed tube through dies of progressively smaller size until a predetermined wire size is achieved and then heat treating the drawn wire to assure necessary crystallinity in the superconductor material.

Abstract: The location of a number larger than two of pH or pIon sensors for ionic composition control are distributed over the cross-sectional area of the process line. Each individual sensor signal is digitized and converted to its antilogarithm and these antilogarithms are averaged to a control signal in the form of a binary word, for a binary reagent dispensing system. Reagent from this system is transported by a carrier liquid and dispensed from orifices distributed over the cross-section of the process line, downstream of the sensors. Upstream of the sensors, a backmixing passive mixer homogenizes the process stream; downstream of the reagent orifices a nonbackmixing passive mixer homogenizes process liquid plus reagent.

Abstract: The hydrogen ion concentration or pH of liquids may be measured, particularly in industrial or municipal processes, by a combination glass electrode system containing a glass electrode, a reference electrode and a liquid junction connecting the reference electrode with the process liquid. Both the measuring glass electrode and the reference electrode are the same kind of all-solid-state glass button electrodes, electrically connected to an impedance-transforming integrated circuit; all these components being encapsulated in a hermetically sealed shell. The reference electrode is in mechanical contact with a reference gel, external to the sealed enclosure but isolated from the process liquid and in ionic contact with this liquid only at the liquid junction.

Abstract: The measurement and reference photocells of an optical detector for a smokestack are disposed adjacent each other on one side of the stack. The measurement photocell and its light-accepting window are disposed on the opposite side of the stack from the light source and the reference photocell has its light-accepting window disposed closely adjacent the light source. A light conducting conduit extends through or around the smokestack within a casing which shields and conducts the light directly emitted from the light source to the reference photocell. Purging air flows within the casing and outwardly through the windows to prevent soot from collecting on them, and the windows are shielded by perforated covers which equalize the flow of air over their entire area and maximize velocities for a given air flow. Wire mesh screens of rounded wire generate a Coanda effect around their outer contours which helps prevent soot from settling within the openings.

Abstract: The measurement and reference photocells of an optical detector for a smokestack are disposed adjacent each other on one side of the stack. The measurement photocell and its light-accepting window are disposed on the opposite side of the stack from the light source and the reference photocell has its light-accepting window disposed closely adjacent the light source. A light conducting conduit extends through or around the smokestack within a casing which shields and conducts the light directly emitted from the light source to the reference photocell. Purging air flows within the casing and outwardly through the windows to prevent soot from collecting on them, and the windows are shielded by perforated covers which equalize the flow of air over their entire area and maximize velocities for a given air flow. Wire mesh screens of rounded wire generate a Coanda effect around their outer contours which helps prevent soot from settling within the openings.