Abstract: A method for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator in a waste-heat steam generator, wherein feed water is fed to the forced-flow steam generator as working fluid, and there flows firstly through a feed-water preheater and then through an evaporator and is at least partly evaporated, wherein the partly evaporated working fluid is fed to a water separation system, in which non-evaporated working fluid is separated from evaporated working fluid and is collected, in which at least part of the non-evaporated working fluid is fed geodetically to the evaporator and, beginning from a certain quantity of accumulating non-evaporated working fluid, a remaining part is automatically removed from the water separation system. A corresponding device is for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator according to the method.

Abstract: A method for operating a forced-flow steam generator constructed as a waste-heat steam generator having a pre-heater, including pre-heater heating surfaces, and having an evaporator including evaporator heating surfaces connected downstream on the flow medium side of the pre-heater heating surfaces. A device for adjusting a feed water mass flow has a set point for the feed water mass flow. During the creation of the set point for the feed water mass flow, a waste-heat flow transferred to a fluid in the evaporator heating surfaces is determined, and mass storage and energy storage in the fluid in the evaporator heating surfaces is detected during non-steady-state plant operation. A behaviour over time of a mass storage in the evaporator is coupled with a behaviour over time of a mass storage in the pre-heater, wherein scaling is carried out with a ratio of the density changes in the evaporator and pre-heater.

Abstract: A steam generator pipe for producing a steam generator pipe with a spiral-shaped installation body, wherein an elevation extends on the inner side of the steam generation pipe in the axial direction of the steam generator pipe. A method for producing a steam generator pipe having an installation body.

Abstract: A method for operating a forced-flow steam generator constructed as a waste-heat steam generator having a pre-heater, including pre-heater heating surfaces, and having an evaporator including evaporator heating surfaces connected downstream on the flow medium side of the pre-heater heating surfaces. A device for adjusting a feed water mass flow has a set point for the feed water mass flow. During the creation of the set point for the feed water mass flow, a waste-heat flow transferred to a fluid in the evaporator heating surfaces is determined, and mass storage and energy storage in the fluid in the evaporator heating surfaces is detected during non-steady-state plant operation.

Abstract: A vertical heat recovery steam generator, the low-pressure stages of which are designed as a once-through system, having a condensate preheater with at least one condensate preheater heating surface, through which a flow medium flows and which is disposed in a hot gas channel through which hot gas flows, a low-pressure preheater with at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel, and a low-pressure evaporator with at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel. The flow medium flows successively through the at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface and the at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface in one pass and without additional pressure compensation.

Abstract: A method for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator in a waste-heat steam generator, wherein feed water is fed to the forced-flow steam generator as working fluid, and there flows firstly through a feed-water preheater and then through an evaporator and is at least partly evaporated, wherein the partly evaporated working fluid is fed to a water separation system, in which non-evaporated working fluid is separated from evaporated working fluid and is collected, in which at least part of the non-evaporated working fluid is fed geodetically to the evaporator and, beginning from a certain quantity of accumulating non-evaporated working fluid, a remaining part is automatically removed from the water separation system. A corresponding device is for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator according to the method.

Abstract: A method for operating a waste heat steam generator, in particular one designed according to the forced flow principle, having an evaporator, through which a flow medium flows; an economizer having a number of economizer heating surfaces, and having a bypass line, which on the flow medium side is connected in parallel to a number of economizer heating surfaces. A variable that is characteristic of the heat energy supplied to the waste heat steam generator for controlling or regulating the flow rate of the bypass line is used, wherein the regulating or controlling of the flow rate of the flow medium through the bypass line takes place at the inlet of the evaporator subject to a supercooling target value. The regulating or controlling of the flow rate of the flow medium through the bypass line also takes place at the outlet of the evaporator subject to an overheating target value.

Abstract: A method for flexible operation of a power plant having a recovery steam generator having heat exchanger stages for generating live steam and/or reheater steam for a steam turbine from an exhaust flow of a gas turbine, wherein auxiliary firing is arranged in a flue gas channel of the recovery steam generator in the region of the heat exchanger stages. In order to regulate the live steam and/or the reheater steam, at least one injection cooling device is brought online directly upon using the auxiliary firing.

Abstract: A method for flexibly operating a nuclear power plant with a waste heat steam generator that operates according to the forced-flow principle and that has heating surfaces of different stages of the waste heat steam generator, the heating surfaces being arranged in the flue gas channel, is provided. In order to increase the output, a mass flow of the feedwater flowing through the heating surfaces is increased while almost simultaneously activating a supplementary firing arranged in the flue gas channel of the waste heat steam generator.

Abstract: A method for operating a waste heat steam generator, in particular one designed according to the forced flow principle, having an evaporator, through which a flow medium flows; an economizer having a number of economizer heating surfaces, and having a bypass line, which on the flow medium side is connected in parallel to a number of economizer heating surfaces. A variable that is characteristic of the heat energy supplied to the waste heat steam generator for controlling or regulating the flow rate of the bypass line is used, wherein the regulating or controlling of the flow rate of the flow medium through the bypass line takes place at the inlet of the evaporator subject to a supercooling target value. The regulating or controlling of the flow rate of the flow medium through the bypass line also takes place at the outlet of the evaporator subject to an overheating target value.

Abstract: A resistance point welding apparatus for fixing a turbulence installation body to an inner wall of a steam generator pipe, having a welding head, which is introduced into the pipe and includes a lance having an electrically conductive material, a point welding electrode, which projects out of the lance in the radial direction, an effective element and an insulation body, which is opposite the point welding electrode in the radial direction and is moved by the effective element, is provided. The lance is tapered at a defined distance from the welding head end such that the insulation body and the point welding electrode press the turbulence installation body against the inner wall of the pipe when the effective element is activated. When a welding stream is impressed on the lance, a point-like welding stream flows via the point welding electrode to a counter electrode arranged outside the pipe.

Abstract: A vertical heat recovery steam generator, the low-pressure stages of which are designed as a once-through system, having a condensate preheater with at least one condensate preheater heating surface, through which a flow medium flows and which is disposed in a hot gas channel through which hot gas flows, a low-pressure preheater with at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel, and a low-pressure evaporator with at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel. The flow medium flows successively through the at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface and the at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface in one pass and without additional pressure compensation.

Abstract: A steam generator pipe for producing a steam generator pipe with a spiral-shaped installation body, wherein an elevation extends on the inner side of the steam generation pipe in the axial direction of the steam generator pipe. A method for producing a steam generator pipe having an installation body.

Abstract: A control method for operating a heat recovery steam generator having a flue gas channel in which an evaporator, having at least two evaporator heating surfaces arranged successively in the flue gas channel and at least one intermediate heating surface arranged between the evaporator heating surfaces, is provided, the method including determining a characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator for the evaporator heating surfaces, additionally determining for the at least one intermediate heating surface, an additional characteristic value for the heat absorption of the intermediate heating surface, and subtracting this additional characteristic value from the characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator.

Abstract: A combined cycle gas turbine plant and a corresponding method for operating such a combined cycle gas turbine plant, in which, during load operation of the combined cycle gas turbine plant, a water mass flow which is supplied according to the forced-flow principle to a waste heat steam generator is adjusted such that the evaporator heating surface of the medium pressure stage is oversupplied and thus a defined amount of excess water, which is heated in the evaporator heating surface but not vaporized, is discharged via the water-steam separator to a heat exchanger circuit for preheating fuel for the gas turbine.

Abstract: A control method for operating a heat recovery steam generator having a flue gas channel in which an evaporator, having at least two evaporator heating surfaces arranged successively in the flue gas channel and at least one intermediate heating surface arranged between the evaporator heating surfaces, is provided, the method including determining a characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator for the evaporator heating surfaces, additionally determining for the at least one intermediate heating surface, an additional characteristic value for the heat absorption of the intermediate heating surface, and subtracting this additional characteristic value from the characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator.

Abstract: A Li—S battery including a cathode and an anode and at least one of a lithium-containing liquid electrolyte, gel electrolyte, and solid electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode. The cathode includes at least one of an electrically conductive carbon material, an electrochemically active cathode material that comprises sulphur, and at least partially fibrillar plastic material. The anode includes a conducting substrate which is coated at least in regions with at least one of silicon and tin. A method for operation thereof.

Abstract: A method for operating a steam generator comprising a combustion chamber having a plurality of evaporator heating surfaces which are connected in parallel on the flow medium side is provided. An object is to provide a steam generator which has a particularly long service life and which is particularly reliable. For this purpose, a flow medium is introduced into an inlet of a first evaporator heating surface at a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the flow medium introduced into the inlet of a second evaporator heating surface.

Abstract: A method for operating a waste heat steam generator including an evaporator, an economizer having a number of economizer heating surfaces, and a bypass line connected on the flow medium side in parallel with a number of economizer heating surfaces is provided. The method makes possible higher operational safety and reliability in the control of the waste heat steam generator. For this purpose, a parameter that is characteristic of the thermal energy fed to the waste heat steam generator is used to control or regulate the flow rate of the by-pass line.

Abstract: A once-through steam generator includes a combustion chamber, the walls of which comprise vertically arranged evaporator pipes connected to one another in gas-tight fashion by pipe webs, through which evaporator pipes flows a flow medium from bottom to top. The evaporator pipes are combined by upstream inlet collectors to form more intensely and less intensely heated pipe groups. A feed water supply is assigned to respective inlet collectors. At least one regulating valve regulates throttling of the mass flow of the flow medium into the evaporator pipes. To determine a control variable for the regulating valve, temperature measurement device measures outlet temperatures of the flow medium exiting the evaporator pipes. Each of the more intensely and less intensely heated pipe groups is assigned to one of the inlet collectors and to an outlet collector, and each of the outlet collectors has one of the temperature measurement devices.