Abstract: The invention relates to the field of immunology. More specifically, it relates to methods and compositions to suppress the immune system, among other by interference with antigen-presenting molecules and T-cell activation. Provided is a composition for the prevention or treatment of a condition wherein suppression of T cell activation is desirable, comprising as an active ingredient an inositol phospholipid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Said condition can be an auto-immune disease, allergic disorder or chronic inflammatory disease, for example asthma, diabetes Type I, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Also provided is a food item or food supplement having immunomodulating properties, comprising an effective amount of an inositol phospholipid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithographic apparatus comprising an illumination system for providing a projection beam of radiation. The illumination system comprises at least one movable optical element (7), such that a projection beam of radiation (4) can be shifted around a central position. This ensures that inhomogeneities in the intensity distribution in the projection beam (4) will be smeared out, which in turn provides an improved homogeneity of the exposure of a surface to be illuminated by the system, such as a wafer or other substrate. The optical element (7) may comprise a motor movable mirror, prism, filter, lens, axicon, diffuser, diffractive optical array, optical integrator, etc. The invention further provides a device manufacturing method, using a lithographic apparatus according to the invention, wherein the optical element is moved, in order to provide an optimum homogeneity for the projection beam of radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithographic apparatus comprising an illumination system for providing a projection beam of radiation. The illumination system comprises at least one movable optical element (7), such that a projection beam of radiation (4) can be shifted around a central position. This ensures that inhomogeneities in the intensity distribution in the projection beam (4) will be smeared out, which in turn provides an improved homogeneity of the exposure of a surface to be illuminated by the system, such as a wafer or other substrate. The optical element (7) may comprise a motor movable mirror, prism, filter, lens, axicon, diffuser, diffractive optical array, optical integrator, etc. The invention further provides a device manufacturing method, using a lithographic apparatus according to the invention, wherein the optical element is moved, in order to provide an optimum homogeneity for the projection beam of radiation.