Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived ketolactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived ketolactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived ketolactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived ketolactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived keto lactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to compositions comprising one or more fullerene derivatives that comprise one or more covalent addends. In certain embodiments, the fullerene derivatives are selected from the group consisting of methanofullerene derivatives, Prato adduct fullerene derivatives, Diels-Alder fullerene derivatives, diazoline fullerene derivatives, Bingel fullerene derivatives, ketolactam fullerene derivatives, and azafulleroid fullerene derivatives. In certain embodiments, the fullerenes are C60 or C70 or a mixture thereof. The invention also relates to semiconductors, photodiodes, solar cells, photodectectors, and transistors comprising one or more fullerene derivatives that comprise one or more covalent addends.

Abstract: Chemically functionalized fullerenes are useful in various applications as radical scavengers. These chemically functionalized fullerenes offer the advantages of preservation of the high innate radical scavenging efficiency of the fullerene cage and ease of synthesis of fullerene derivatives of desirably altered chemical and physical properties and single isomers. Further, they are based on a common intermediate chemistry and intermediates can be easily functionalized and tailored to various requirements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived keto lactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: Optical limiting materials. Methanofullerenes, fulleroids and/or other fullerenes chemically altered for enhanced solubility, in liquid solution, and in solid blends with transparent glass (SiO.sub.2) gels or polymers, or semiconducting (conjugated) polymers, are shown to be useful as optical limiters (optical surge protectors). The nonlinear absorption is tunable such that the energy transmitted through such blends saturates at high input energy per pulse over a wide range of wavelengths from 400-1100 nm by selecting the host material for its absorption wavelength and ability to transfer the absorbed energy into the optical limiting composition dissolved therein. This phenomenon should be generalizable to other compositions than substituted fullerenes.

Abstract: Thermochemically induced luminescence is generated in a fluorescent labeled organic compound containing a covalently bonded fluorescent label which is a polycyclic aromatic radical having at least three linearly fused benzene rings and capable of being excited to a fluorescent electronic excited state by energy transfer from an energy donor molecule or radical having an electronic excited state, by a process comprising generating an energy donor radical or molecule by a thermochemical reaction in the presence of the fluorescent label. The energy donor radical may be generated by a chemical reaction in the presence of the fluorescent labeled organic compound or the fluorescent labeled compound itself may be additionally labeled with a radical capable of being excited to an electronic excited state by a thermochemical reaction, i.e., by a process initiated by adsorption of thermal energy.

Abstract: Thermochemiluminescent complexes of an adamanthylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane and a cyclodextrin are non-volatile at the temperatures used to excite the thermochemiluminescence. The complexes can be encapsulated in immunosensitized microcapsules, e.g., liposomes, to provide a labeled immunoreagent useful in immunoassay using thermochemiluminescent labeled immunoreagents.

Abstract: A solid phase immunoassay comprises the steps of(a) immobilizing an immunoreagent on the surface of a carrier comprised of an inert synthetic resin selected from the group consisting of polyimides and polyfluorinated synthetic resins,(b) contacting the immunoreagent with a complementary immunoreagent whereby an immunocomplex immobilized on said carrier is formed,(c) quantitating the immobilized immunocomplex.An element useful in conducting this solid phase immunoassay is prepared by a process of treating the surface of an article comprised of a synthetic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimides and polyfluorinated synthetic resins to make it adsorptive of an immunoreagent which comprises the steps of(a) thoroughly rinsing the surface with a water-miscible organic solvent,(b) thoroughly rinsing the surface with water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing substituted polycyclo-alkylidene polycyclo-alkanes, such as substituted adamantylidene adamantanes, and the corresponding epidioxy compounds, in which polycyclo-alkylidene polycyclo-alkanes are halogenated with an N-halosuccinimide, tert.-butylhypohalite or sodium hypohalite/CH.sub.3 COOH, the halogenation product is optionally subjected to a substitution reaction, and the substituted polycycloalkylidene polycyclo-alkanes are converted to the corresponding epidioxy compounds in a way known per se.Further, the invention relates to compounds of formula 44 ##STR1## in which A and B represent alkylene radicals, which alkylene radicals may be attached to each other via an alkylene radical C, and R.sub.1 represents a substituent, which, in case of 4-eq.-R.sub.1 -2,2'-adamantylidene adamantane cannot be chloro, hydroxy, oxo, D or a group of formula 1: ##STR2## as well as to compounds of formula 45: ##STR3## in which A, B and C are as defined above, and R.sub.