Abstract: A garden and/or forestry system has a hand-held gardening and/or forestry processing apparatus, and an assistance device, which is formed separately from the gardening and/or forestry processing apparatus and which is designed to support a user in operation of the gardening and/or forestry processing apparatus. The assistance device has a user interface, by which the assistance device is controllable by user inputs. The hand-held gardening and/or forestry processing apparatus has a user-actuable operator control element for user inputs to the user interface.

Abstract: An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive was to be provided that finds use especially in a reversible adhesive tape that is redetachable without leaving any residue, the adhesive tape having a particularly flat paper backing with high air permeability, and thus gives rise to particularly precise and flat paint edges when applied. This is achieved by an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive based on polymers having the following monomer composition: (a) 97% to 99% by weight of monomers from the group comprising 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or 2-octyl acrylate or n-heptyl acrylate or mixtures of at least two of said monomers, (b) 1% to 3% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and further comprising a crosslinking system, wherein the ratio of the reactive crosslinking groups and the carboxy groups of (meth)acrylic acid (b) is less than or equal to 7% and wherein the polymers are produced by emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reacting glycolaldehyde with an aminating agent in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst, the catalyst being activated by reducing a catalyst precursor or by reducing a passivated catalyst, which comprises effecting the reaction in the presence of a solvent and contacting the glycolaldehyde with the activated catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethanolamines by reacting glycolaldehyde with monoethanolamine and/or diethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) by reacting 3-dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN) with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the DMAPN used has a content of 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)glutaronitrile (DGN) of 300 ppm by weight or less, based on the DMAPN used. Furthermore, the present invention relates to mixtures of DMAPN and DGN, wherein the weight ratio of DMAPN to DGN is in the range from 1 000 000:5 to 1 000 000:250.

Abstract: A process continuously hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, in which particles of a first hydrogenation catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved, the liquid phase, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a first partial hydrogen pressure and at a first temperature, is conducted through a packed bubble column reactor in cocurrent counter to the direction of gravity, the effluent from the bubble column reactor is sent to a gas-liquid separation, the liquid phase is sent to a crossfiltration to obtain a retentate and a filtrate, the retentate is recycled into the bubble column reactor and the filtrate, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a second partial hydrogen pressure and at a second temperature, is passed over a bed of a second hydrogenation catalyst, the second partial hydrogen pressure is at least 10 bar higher than the first partial hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diamine from a corresponding aminoalkyl nitrile, which is prepared by reaction of a corresponding monoamine with a corresponding alkenyl nitrile in a continuous mode of operation, comprising the steps: a) introduction of the corresponding monoamine into a continuously conveyed reaction stream; b) introduction of the corresponding alkenyl nitrile into the reaction stream, with this already comprising the aminoalkyl nitrile on addition; c) reaction of the reaction stream in a first reaction region; d) at least partial transfer of the reaction stream into at least one second reaction region for further reaction; e) discharge of the reaction stream from the second reaction region after the reaction; f) introduction of the reaction stream discharged in step (a) into a reduction region; and g) reduction of the aminoalkyl nitrile present in the reaction stream to the corresponding diamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reacting glycolaldehyde with an aminating agent in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst, the catalyst being activated by reducing a catalyst precursor or by reducing a passivated catalyst, which comprises effecting the reaction in the presence of a solvent and contacting the glycolaldehyde with the activated catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethanolamines by reacting glycolaldehyde with monoethanolamine and/or diethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A process continuously hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, in which particles of a first hydrogenation catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved, the liquid phase, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a first partial hydrogen pressure and at a first temperature, is conducted through a packed bubble column reactor in cocurrent counter to the direction of gravity, the effluent from the bubble column reactor is sent to a gas-liquid separation, the liquid phase is sent to a crossfiltration to obtain a retentate and a filtrate, the retentate is recycled into the bubble column reactor and the filtrate, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a second partial hydrogen pressure and at a second temperature, is passed over a bed of a second hydrogenation catalyst, the second partial hydrogen pressure is at least 10 bar higher than the first partial hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: A process is described for continuously hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, in which particles of a first hydrogenation catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved, the liquid phase, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a first partial hydrogen pressure and at a first temperature, is conducted through a packed bubble column reactor in cocurrent counter to the direction of gravity, the effluent from the bubble column reactor is sent to a gas-liquid separation, the liquid phase is sent to a crossfiltration to obtain a retentate and a filtrate, the retentate is recycled into the bubble column reactor and the filtrate, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a second partial hydrogen pressure and at a second temperature, is passed over a bed of a second hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the second partial hydrogen pressure is at least 10 bar higher than the first partial hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diamine from a corresponding aminoalkyl nitrile, which is prepared by reaction of a corresponding monoamine with a corresponding alkenyl nitrile in a continuous mode of operation, comprising the steps: a) introduction of the corresponding monoamine into a continuously conveyed reaction stream; b) introduction of the corresponding alkenyl nitrile into the reaction stream, with this already comprising the aminoalkyl nitrile on addition; c) reaction of the reaction stream in a first reaction region; d) at least partial transfer of the reaction stream into at least one second reaction region for further reaction; e) discharge of the reaction stream from the second reaction region after the reaction; f) introduction of the reaction stream discharged in step (a) into a reduction region; and g) reduction of the aminoalkyl nitrile present in the reaction stream to the corresponding diamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) by reacting 3-dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN) with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the DMAPN used has a content of 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)glutaronitrile (DGN) of 300 ppm by weight or less, based on the DMAPN used. Furthermore, the present invention relates to mixtures of DMAPN and DGN, wherein the weight ratio of DMAPN to DGN is in the range from 1 000 000:5 to 1 000 000:250.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aminoalkyl nitrile by reaction of a corresponding monoamine with a corresponding alkenyl nitrile in a continuous mode of operation, which comprises the steps (a) introduction of the corresponding monoamine into a continuously conveyed reaction stream; (b) introduction of the corresponding alkenyl nitrite into the reaction stream, with this already comprising the aminoalkyl nitrile on addition; (c) reaction of the reaction stream in a first reaction region; and (d) at least partial transfer of the reaction stream into at least one second reaction region for further reaction. The invention further relates to a process for preparing a diamine from the aminoalkyl nitrile, suitable apparatuses for carrying out the processes and their corresponding use.

Abstract: Process for preparing an amine by reacting an aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of primary and secondary amines in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out using a suspended catalyst as heterogeneous catalyst and is carried out in the semibatch mode in which the nitrogen compound as one reactant is placed in the reaction vessel and the aldehyde and/or the ketone as the other reactant is added during the course of the reaction and the aldehyde and/or the ketone is added in portions or continuously to the reaction mixture during the course of the reaction as a function of the achieved conversion of the nitrogen compound until a conversion of the nitrogen compound of at least 95% results, and all or part of the catalyst remains in the reaction vessel after the reaction batch and is reused for the next reaction batch.

Abstract: A process for preparing an amine by reacting an aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group of primary and secondary amines in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a coated catalyst which comprises at least one metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements as a hydrogenating metal and additionally a promoter on an oxidic support, at least 80% of the metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements being present in a layer between the surface of the catalyst and a penetration depth which is not more than 80% of the radius of the catalyst, calculated from the surface of the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for preparing an amine by reacting an aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of primary and secondary amines in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out using a suspended catalyst as heterogeneous catalyst and is carried out in the semibatch mode in which the nitrogen compound as one reactant is placed in the reaction vessel and the aldehyde and/or the ketone as the other reactant is added during the course of the reaction and the aldehyde and/or the ketone is added in portions or continuously to the reaction mixture during the course of the reaction as a function of the achieved conversion of the nitrogen compound until a conversion of the nitrogen compound of at least 95% results, and all or part of the catalyst remains in the reaction vessel after the reaction batch and is reused for the next reaction batch.

Abstract: Shaped body comprising an aluminosilicate and aluminum oxide, wherein the shaped body has a molar Al/Si ratio in the range from 10 to 30 and an at least bimodal pore distribution for pores having a diameter of greater than 1 nm, with the volume of the pores of the shaped body having a diameter of greater than 10 nm corresponding to at least 40% of the total pore volume of the shaped body, process for producing it and process for the continuous preparation of methylamines by reaction of methanol and/or dimethyl ether with ammonia in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein the abovementioned shaped bodies are used as catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for continuously hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, in which particles of a first hydrogenation catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved, the liquid phase, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a first partial hydrogen pressure and at a first temperature, is conducted through a packed bubble column reactor in cocurrent counter to the direction of gravity, the effluent from the bubble column reactor is sent to a gas-liquid separation, the liquid phase is sent to a crossfiltration to obtain a retentate and a filtrate, the retentate is recycled into the bubble column reactor and the filtrate, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a second partial hydrogen pressure and at a second temperature, is passed over a bed of a second hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the second partial hydrogen pressure is at least 10 bar higher than the first partial hydrogen pressure.