Abstract: An exhaust manifold and a turbine housing for a turbo-charged five-cylinder engine are cast as a single piece. This arrangement renders unnecessary a flanged connection between a separate exhaust manifold and turbine housing. The one-piece design provides optimum gas paths to obtain a good response.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve timing for an internal-combustion engine with a variable control of the outlet valve. For reducing the HC-emissions, it is suggested according to the invention to adjust the closing of the outlet valve toward "early". This adjustment must be carried out to such an extent that the outlet valve will be closed before the piston has reached the upper dead center.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device regulation of turbo-charging in an internal combustion engine. The turbo-charging regulation includes a first turbo unit and a second turbo unit each including appropriate turbines and compressors arranged sequentially on the exhaust and the intake sides of the engine. An engine rotational speed sensor is provided issuing a signal indicating the rotational speed of the engine. In addition, at least one pressure sensor issuing a signal indicative of an engine pressure level on the intake side of the engine is also provided. A first valve is associated with the first turbo unit and arranged to direct the engine combustion gases toward the turbine of the first turbo unit in a closed state and to direct the engine combustion gases past the turbine of the first turbo unit in an open state.