Abstract: A beam shaping device (1; 50; 60) comprising first (3) and second (4) substrates, a liquid crystal layer (2) sandwiched between the substrates, and a first electrode layer (5; 51) provided on a side of the first substrate (3) facing the liquid crystal layer (2). The beam shaping device is controllable between beam shaping states, each permitting passage of light through the beam shaping device, and further comprises an insulating layer (7) covering the first electrode layer (5; 51) and a second electrode layer (6; 53) provided on top of the insulating layer. The second electrode layer (6; 53) comprises a conductor pattern exposing a portion of the insulating layer (7).

Abstract: A beam shaping device (1; 50; 60) comprising first (3) and second (4) substrates, a liquid crystal layer (2) sandwiched between the substrates, and a first electrode layer (5; 51) provided on a side of the first substrate (3) facing the liquid crystal layer (2). The beam shaping device is controllable between beam shaping states, each permitting passage of light through the beam shaping device, and further comprises an insulating layer (7) covering the first electrode layer (5; 51) and a second electrode layer (6; 53) provided on top of the insulating layer. The second electrode layer (6; 53) comprises a conductor pattern exposing a portion of the insulating layer (7).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has pixels, and each pixel has a lower substrate and an upper substrate with a liquid crystal material in between. The each pixel also has an electrode structure between the lower substrate and the upper substrate. The electrode structure has electrodes, and each electrode has a polygon-shaped electrode surface and a plurality of electrode edges. The electrodes are arranged such that if an electrode edge is facing an electrode edge of an adjacent electrode then the electrode edge and the electrode edge of the adjacent electrode define a distance which is substantially constant along the entire electrode edge.