Abstract: Representative xanthohumol derivatives have been made and have been tested in vivo in mice. Such derivatives have a number of important medicinal benefits, including improving glucose tolerance and decreasing weight gain by increasing energy expenditure and locomotor activity in treated subjects. Disclosed derivatives also may function as mitochondrial uncouplers. Representative compounds include 4-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol and 4-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole-3-yl)-5-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds capable of ameliorating, treating, and preventing metabolic syndrome, or risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease. In some embodiments, the compounds can function as mild mitochondrial uncouplers and thereby reduce markers of metabolic syndrome by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Methods of making the compounds also are disclosed herein, along with compositions and formulations suitable for administration to a subject. In some embodiments, the compounds (or compositions thereof) can be formulated and administered as dietary supplements.

Abstract: Oxidative stress, resulting from the generation of reactive oxygen species, contributes to the development of a multitude of age-related diseases. Current methods of assessing oxidative stress levels range from the detection of lipid peroxidation products, such as F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, to monitoring the redox status of glutathione. While useful, traditional biomarkers of oxidative stress are not without their drawbacks, including low in vitro concentrations and possible artifact formation. Disclosed herein are new marker compounds, including ascorbylated 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, that are useful as biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for detecting carbonyl functional groups on polypeptides are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia using xanthohumol and/or a xanthohumol analog.