Abstract: The present invention is based in part on the discovery of significant improvements to cell culture systems and methods in terms of utility and range of application. The system allows for culture of cells in one or more defined spaces within a culture chamber defined by one or more spaced opposing surfaces to provide significant advantages over previously described culture methods. The system includes a chamber for receiving a fluid culture medium; a first surface and one or more second surfaces defining one or more spaces in the chamber; and one or more cells constrained within the one or more spaces. The second surface includes at least one opening for passage of a substance into the culture space.

Abstract: A method for patterning a one or more biomolecules on a substrate that includes coating the substrate with a coating of the one or more biomolecules, applying a laser to the coating, and ablating a portion of the one or more biomolecules with the laser in a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A method for patterning a one or more biomolecules on a substrate that includes coating the substrate with a coating of the one or more biomolecules, applying a laser to the coating, and ablating a portion of the one or more biomolecules with the laser in a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: The invention provides high performance cantilevers with optimal combinations of high resonant frequency and low force constant. In one aspect, AFM cantilevers with spring constants in the range 1-10?6 N/m with (fundamental) resonant frequencies in aqueous solutions of 0.1-100 MHz are provided. A high performance cantilever may be made by focused ion beam milling or electron deposition. The high performance cantilevers allow faster scanning, increase the temporal resolution of force measurement, improve measurement sensitivity by reducing cantilever noise, and improve sensitivity by reducing cantilever spring constant.