Abstract: An embodiment provides a measurement arrangement for characterizing a radio frequency arrangement comprising a plurality of antennas. Measurement arrangement comprises a dielectric waveguide slab with a plurality of frequency converting structures, arranged in or on the dielectric waveguide slab. Measurement arrangement further comprises a plurality of waveguide transitions arranged at different positions of the dielectric waveguide slab and are coupled to respective radio frequency components. Radio frequency components are configured to transmit and/or receive radio signals. Frequency converting structures are associated with respective antennas of the plurality of antennas, and are configured to perform a frequency conversion on signals received, resulting in frequency-converted signals.

Abstract: Devices for testing a DUT having a circuit coupled to an antenna are disclose. The device can include a DUT location, a probe, and a ground area configured to serve as an antenna ground area for the antenna of the DUT. The ground area includes a slot that the antenna feed impedance is not affected or not affected significantly. The probe is adapted to weakly couple to the antenna of the DUT via the opening to probe a signal when the antenna of the DUT is fed by the circuit of the DUT and/or in order to couple a signal to the antenna which is fed to the circuit of the DUT by the antenna.

Abstract: Devices for testing a DUT having a circuit coupled to an antenna are disclose. The device can include a DUT location for receiving a DUT, and an adapter or probe is used to wirelessly “over-the-air” (OTA) electronically test a DUT with an embedded antenna or antenna array with the measurement probe 140 located in close proximity to the DUT. The probe can be located very close to the DUT (e.g., in the near-field region). Although the probe is located in close proximity to the DUT antenna or antenna array elements it does not significantly disturb or interfere with probe during testing.

Abstract: Devices for testing a DUT having a circuit coupled to an antenna are disclose. The device can include a DUT location, a probe, and a ground area configured to serve as an antenna ground area for the antenna of the DUT. The ground area includes a slot that the antenna feed impedance is not affected or not affected significantly. The probe is adapted to weakly couple to the antenna of the DUT via the opening to probe a signal when the antenna of the DUT is fed by the circuit of the DUT and/or in order to couple a signal to the antenna which is fed to the circuit of the DUT by the antenna.

Abstract: The application provides an antenna element comprising a circuit board with a transmission line, the transmission line comprising at least a first conductor and a second conductor, a separate 3-dimensional, metallic or metallized ring-shaped structure mounted on a surface of the circuit board, a first galvanic contact between the first conductor and a first part of the separate 3-dimensional, metallic ring-shaped structure, and a second galvanic contact between the second conductor and a second part of the separate 3-dimensional, metallic ring-shaped structure, wherein at least one of the first galvanic contact and the second galvanic contact comprises at least two substantially L-shaped sections and an antenna array comprising several such antenna elements.

Abstract: The application provides an antenna element comprising a circuit board with a transmission line, the transmission line comprising at least a first conductor and a second conductor, a separate 3-dimensional, metallic or metallized ring-shaped structure mounted on a surface of the circuit board, a first galvanic contact between the first conductor and a first part of the separate 3-dimensional, metallic ring-shaped structure, and a second galvanic contact between the second conductor and a second part of the separate 3-dimensional, metallic ring-shaped structure, wherein at least one of the first galvanic contact and the second galvanic contact comprises at least two essentially substantially L-shaped sections and an antenna array comprising several such antenna elements.

Abstract: In order to calibrate in amplitude and phase the individual transceiver elements (4) of an active antenna array for a mobile telecommunications network, each transceiver element including a transmit and a receive path (8, 10) coupled to an antenna element (12), each transceiver element includes a comparator (100) for comparing phase and amplitude of transmitted or received signals with reference signals in order to adjust the characteristics of the antenna beam. In order to provide an accurate means of reference signal distribution, a feed arrangement distributes the reference signals and includes a waveguide (50) of a predetermined length which is terminated at one end (52) in order to set up a standing wave system along its length, and a plurality of coupling points (56) at predetermined points along the length of the waveguide, which are each coupled to a comparator of a respective transceiver element.

Abstract: In order to calibrate in amplitude and phase the individual transceiver elements (4) of an active antenna array for a mobile telecommunications network, each transceiver element including a transmit and a receive path (8, 10) coupled to an antenna element (12), each transceiver element includes a comparator (100) for comparing phase and amplitude of transmitted or received signals with reference signals in order to adjust the characteristics of the antenna beam. In order to provide an accurate means of reference signal distribution, a feed arrangement distributes the reference signals and includes a waveguide (50) of a predetermined length which is terminated at one end (52) in order to set up a standing wave system along its length, and a plurality of coupling points (56) at predetermined points along the length of the waveguide, which are each coupled to a comparator of a respective transceiver element.

Abstract: A re-entrant resonant cavity 12 includes a first metallized molded plastic component 18, which comprises a re-entrant stub 17, an end wall 14 and a cylindrical side wall 13. The component 18 is surface mount soldered to a metallized PCB substrate 19. A rostrum 24 is located facing the end face 21 of the stub 17 to define a capacitive gap 22 with it. The end face 21 of the stub 17 and the rostrum 24 are configured such that relative rotation between them changes the profile of the gap 22 and hence the gap capacitance. By suitably locating the two parts during manufacture, a particular capacitance may be chosen to give a desired resonance frequency from a selection available depending on the relative angular position of the stub 17 and rostrum 24. In another cavity, the rostrum is replaced by an etched metallization layer of a printed circuit board.

Abstract: A cavity resonator having temperature compensation which comprises a pot and a cover, which together enclose a cavity resonance volume. The pot comprises a first material, which has a first temperature expansion coefficient and the cover comprises a second material, which has a second temperature expansion coefficient. The second temperature expansion coefficient is greater than the first temperature expansion coefficient, and an expansion of the pot and a deformation of the cover results upon a temperature increase, which each independently and also together cause an enlargement of the cavity resonance volume. Simultaneously, the resonance frequency remains essentially constant.

Abstract: The invention is related to cavity resonators, a method for producing a cavity resonator, and a band pass filter system comprising cavity resonators. A cavity resonator (100) according to the invention comprises a printed circuit-board (10); an upper electrically conductive cap (20) having a three-dimensional structure (21); and a lower electrically conductive cap (30) having a three-dimensional structure (31). The structures of the upper cap (20) and the lower cap (30) are identical and the two caps (20, 30) are mounted on opposite sides of the printed circuit-board (10).

Abstract: A re-entrant resonant cavity 12 includes three parts 18, 19 and 20 which may be manufactured as metallized plastic components. The three parts 18, 19 and 20 are soldered to a multilayer PCB 23 using surface mount technology. The re-entrant stub 16 is in two portions with dielectric material provided by the PCB 23 between them. The cylindrical wall 13 surrounding the stub 16 is also divided into two sections 21 and 22 by the PCB 23. Vias 24 and 25 electrically connect the parts separated by the PCB 23. The pattern of the vias 24 and 25 determines the inductance of the cavity, and hence its resonance frequency. This enables cavities with the same geometry to be operated at different resonance frequencies by using different configurations of through connects. One of the sets of vias may be omitted in some cavities.

Abstract: An antenna element 1 comprises a surround 2 of substantially circular cross-section and a plurality of feed sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 electrically connected to the surround 2. The feed sections are extensive substantially radially and inwardly from it. The surround may be cylindrical in other embodiments. The antenna element may be fabricated as single, integral component, for example, from metallized plastic using injection molding. The antenna element may be arranged to be frequency selective for transmit and receive, which is particularly applicable where it is incorporated in an antenna array used in a base station of a wireless communications system.

Abstract: A geometrically-structured coaxial cable may prevent infiltration of water vapor and other contaminants by using a closed cell structure. The cable may be fabricated by wrapping bubble tape around its central conductor. Alternatively, plastic may be extruded through channels to create a plurality of layers. In either case, these layers are staggered in a zig-zag pattern to ensure that no radial spokes connect the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial cable without passing through a plurality of dielectric layers.

Abstract: A geometrically-structured coaxial cable may prevent infiltration of water vapor and other contaminants by using a closed cell structure. The cable may be fabricated by wrapping bubble tape around its central conductor. Alternatively, plastic may be extruded through channels to create a plurality of layers. In either case, these layers are staggered in a zig-zag pattern to ensure that no radial spokes connect the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial cable without passing through a plurality of dielectric layers.

Abstract: A cavity resonator (20) having temperature compensation which comprises a pot (21) and a cover (22), which together enclose a cavity resonance volume (V). The pot (21) comprises a first material, which has a first temperature expansion coefficient (?1) and the cover (22) comprises a second material, which has a second temperature expansion coefficient (?2). The second temperature expansion coefficient (?2) is greater than the first temperature expansion coefficient (?1), and an expansion of the pot (21) and a deformation of the cover (22) results upon a temperature increase, which each independently and also together cause an enlargement of the cavity resonance volume (V). Simultaneously, the resonance frequency remains essentially constant.

Abstract: A re-entrant microwave resonant cavity comprises a stub 6. A cylindrical wall 2, first end wall 3 and the stub 6 are integrally formed. A second end wall 4 is defined by a metallization layer 8 deposited on a printed circuit board substrate 9. The parts are joined using surface mount soldering processes. The end 11 of the stub 6 defines a gap 12. A rostrum 14 faces the end of the stub 6. The rostrum 14 is manufactured separately and then fixed to the substrate 9. A dielectric sphere 16 is located between the end 11 of the probe stub 6 and the rostrum 14. The dielectric sphere 16 maintains the gap size during use and aids in correct positioning of the parts during manufacture.

Abstract: The invention is related to cavity resonators, a method for producing a cavity resonator, and a band pass filter system comprising cavity resonators. A cavity resonator (100) according to the invention comprises a printed circuit-board (10); an upper electrically conductive cap (20) having a three-dimensional structure (21); and a lower electrically conductive cap (30) having a three-dimensional structure (31). The structures of the upper cap (20) and the lower cap (30) are identical and the two caps (20, 30) are mounted on opposite sides of the printed circuit-board (10).

Abstract: The invention concerns a radio frequency transmitter (RFT) and a method of amplifying a radio frequency input signal (SIN) in the radio frequency transmitter (RFT). The radio frequency transmitter (RFT) comprises a digital signal generator (DSG) with a generation unit (GU) adapted to generate a pulsed bit stream signal and a switch mode power amplifier (SMPA) with a transistor circuit (PT) adapted to amplify the radio frequency input signal (SIN). The digital signal generator (DSG) further comprises a control unit (CU) adapted to detect in said pulsed bit stream signal a sequence of a constant signal height longer than a predefined threshold. The control unit (CU) is also adapted to initiate, upon detection of said sequence, a generation of a modified pulsed bit stream signal by an insertion of one or more notches in said sequence. Said notches interrupt said sequence by a signal of a signal height different from the signal height of the sequence.

Abstract: A method is provided of identifying an antenna, by the steps of: providing the antenna with an identifying radiofrequency identification RFID circuit, connecting one end of a cable to the antenna, connecting the other end of the cable to a remote unit, sending a trigger signal to the RFID circuit, receiving by the remote unit via the cable a response signal from the RFID circuit, and decoding the response signal so as to identify the antenna.