Abstract: A batch polymerization process controller using inferential sensing to determine the integral reaction heat which in turn is used to indicate the degree of polymerization of the reaction mixture batch. The system uses a reaction temperature compared with a desired temperature, and the result is used as a feedback to monitor and control the process. One version of the process controller also uses a feedforward signal which is an integral reaction heat indication from a process model. In another version of the process controller, the integral reaction heat is compared with a desired integral reaction heat, and result is used as another feedback to monitor and control the process. Heat production and reaction temperature profiles may be used, along with the thermokinetic equations to determine the polymerization process and reactor models which are utilized by the process controller to optimize the polymerization process in terms of efficient use of cooling water and desired polymerization of each mixture batch.

Abstract: A batch polymerization process controller using inferential sensing to determine the integral reaction heat which in turn is used to indicate the degree of polymerization of the reaction mixture batch. The system uses a reaction temperature compared with a desired temperature, and the result is used as a feedback to monitor and control the process. One version of the process controller also uses a feedforward signal which is an integral reaction heat indication from a process model. In another version of the process controller, the integral reaction heat is compared with a desired integral reaction heat, and result is used as another feedback to monitor and control the process. Heat production and reaction temperature profiles may be used, along with the thermokinetic equations to determine the polymerization process and reactor models which are utilized by the process controller to optimize the polymerization process in terms of efficient use of cooling water and desired polymerization of each mixture batch.

Abstract: A nonlinear, time-variable digital controller and a general method for its synthesis. The processing of the reference load and the disturbance changes are kept totally separated. This benefits the designer because he can treat any control task as a pure tracking problem in which one unit is responsible for planning and synthesizing the controlled system's trajectory to move it into a desired state, and another unit takes care of possible deviations from the trajectory due to disturbance or load changes. Since the two units are independent, the designer is free to choose their characteristics arbitrarily.

Abstract: A way of controlling a plant with multiple inputs and multiple outputs but allowing an operator to direct the control as if each controlled variable had a direct connection to operator controlled variables in described. An interference network cross fertilizes information from multiple subcontrollers amongst themselves, to allow for enhanced control based on user defined criterion.

Abstract: A thread cutting device in a circular knitting machine for the production of hosiery goods. The device is arranged on the dial and it consists of a circular cutting saw and a stationary cutting blade cooperating with it. Above the circular cutting saw there is arranged a shaped element so that on a part of the arc in front of the stationary cutting blade with respect to the rotary direction of the circular knitting machine it covers its teeth. Above said part of the arc of the shaped element in the path of the threads drawn by the needles there is arranged a projection for the purpose of lengthening the thread ends between the needle and the circular cutting saw.

Abstract: A circular knitting machine for the production of plush goods by means of needles and cooperating sinkers created to form plush and plain loops. The invention improves fabric quality especially when using cotton thread to form plush loops by providing beside the sinker to form plush and plain loops, an auxiliary sinker with a nib to tighten the ready plush loops and with a notch to hold and to pull-down the plush loops from the sinker to form plush and plain loops.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cryosurgical instruments comprises a mantle containing individual layers of a heat exchange substance, such as a heat exchange material or a heat exchange filler, an outer jacket surrounding the mantle, a contact zone within the outer jacket for receiving cooling fluid, and a heat detector in thermal contact with the outer jacket but separated by the mantle from the cooling fluid contact zone. Each of the individual layers of heat exchange substance is positioned within the mantle a spaced distance from every other individual layer, so that these individual layers of heat exchange substance are mutually separated from one another.

Abstract: Cryogenic apparatus for surgery operating with liquid cryogenic medium in a closed circuit, provided with an applicator and porous heat exchanger particularly adapted for tumor surgery, operating at an overpressure of the order of 10 kPa, with the possibility of adjustment of the cooling effect, quick response and possibility of selection of the position of the surgical instrument.