Abstract: An apparatus for synchronization by determining a clock offset between a current receiver clock time and a correct receiver clock time according to an embodiment is provided. The apparatus comprises an input interface for receiving information on a received synchronization sequence comprising a sequence of symbols, wherein the information on the received synchronization sequence comprises information for each symbol of a plurality of symbols of the sequence of symbols that said symbol exhibits a first state out of two or more possible states being different from a second state of the two possible states. Moreover, the apparatus comprises an offset analyser.

Abstract: Provided is a device which includes a method for the coherent detection of an optical signal, including the following steps of providing a vertically illuminable photodiode; producing an optical reference signal; radiating the optical signal and the reference signal into the photodiode in such a way that the two signals at least partially interfere with each other. Radiating the optical signal into the photodiode is effected via a first side of the photodiode, and radiating the reference signal into the photodiode is effected via a second side of the photodiode, or, vice versa, the reference signal is radiated into the photodiode via the first side of the photodiode and the optical signal is radiated into the photodiode via the second side.

Abstract: Provided is a device which includes a method for the coherent detection of an optical signal, including the following steps of providing a vertically illuminable photodiode; producing an optical reference signal; radiating the optical signal and the reference signal into the photodiode in such a way that the two signals at least partially interfere with each other. Radiating the optical signal into the photodiode is effected via a first side of the photodiode, and radiating the reference signal into the photodiode is effected via a second side of the photodiode, or, vice versa, the reference signal is radiated into the photodiode via the first side of the photodiode and the optical signal is radiated into the photodiode via the second side.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an analysis device configured to analyze a communication sequence. The analysis device includes a memory configured to store a desired communication sequence and a processor. The processor is configured to read out the desired communication sequence from the memory, create a Petri net as a function of the read-out desired communication sequence, compare the communication sequence to the created Petri net, and analyze the communication sequence.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an analysis device configured to analyze a communication sequence. The analysis device includes a memory configured to store a desired communication sequence and a processor. The processor is configured to read out the desired communication sequence from the memory, create a Petri net as a function of the read-out desired communication sequence, compare the communication sequence to the created Petri net, and analyze the communication sequence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to processes for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to processes for the preparation of these compounds.