Abstract: A data processing device for detecting defects in sample images generated by a charged particle assessment system, the device comprising: an input module, a filter module, a reference image module and a comparator. The input module is configured to receive a sample image from the charged particle assessment system. The filter module is configured to apply a filter to the sample image to generate a filtered sample image. The reference image module is configured to provide a reference image based on one or more source images. The comparator is configured to compare the filtered sample image to the reference image so as to detect defects in the sample image.

Abstract: A barrier and method of manufacture thereof is provided. The barrier is suitable for enhancing the reaction to fire of structural elements such as construction boards.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to ranking modifications of a previous query. For example, modifications of a previous query may be generated based on a current query issued subsequent to the previous query by substituting one or more n-grams of the previous query with one or more n-grams of the current query. One or more measures of each of the modifications may be identified and, based on such measures, a ranking of each of the modifications may be determined. One of the modifications may be selected as a submission query based on the rankings of the modifications. The submission query may be selected for submission in lieu of, or in addition to, the current query.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to ranking modifications of a previous query. For example, modifications of a previous query may be generated based on a current query issued subsequent to the previous query by substituting one or more n-grams of the previous query with one or more n-grams of the current query. One or more measures of each of the modifications may be identified and, based on such measures, a ranking of each of the modifications may be determined. One of the modifications may be selected as a submission query based on the rankings of the modifications. The submission query may be selected for submission in lieu of, or in addition to, the current query.

Abstract: A knowledge system compiled on a computer environment or a memory carrier is disclosed. The knowledge system coupled information about one or more business processes or functions no one or more software and hardware components stored in the computer environment. The knowledge system providers information about the impact on business processes or functions towards a user interface in case of an erroneous operation of the software and hardware components.

Abstract: A knowledge system compiled on a computer environment or a memory carrier is disclosed The knowledge system couples information about one or more business processes or functions to one or more software and hardware components stored in the computer environment. The knowledge system provides information about the impact on business processes or functions towards a user interface in case of an erroneous operation of the software and hardware components.

Abstract: Dairy spreads, especially fresh cheese, are sensitive for heat treatments. The heat treated products are often grainy, mealy and chalky. The invention relates to a method of producing a dairy spread wherein a cheese milk or cream or a combination thereof is acid coagulated in the presence of a suitable culture, wherein the culture comprises an exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacterium capable of reducing the graininess of the heat treated dairy spread.

Abstract: Packets containing a flowable material are provided with a draw-string or thread to squeeze the packet contents. The packet envelope is formed from a doubled-over web which gives the packet a folded-over edge and which encloses an intermediate portion of the thread close to the folded-over edge. The end portions of the web extend from the intermediate portion of the thread to extend through the opposite edge of the packet. The external ends of the thread are secured to a tag which is attached to the outer face of the envelope. The thread intermediate portion is retained close to the folded-over edge by heat sealing. Apparatus is also described for producing the packets in a continuous or semi-continuous manner.

Abstract: Packets containing a flowable material are provided with a draw-string or thread to squeeze the packet contents. The packet envelope is formed from a doubled-over web which gives the packet a folded-over edge and which encloses an intermediate portion of the thread close to the folded-over edge. The end portions of the web extend from the intermediate portion of the thread to extend through the opposite edge of the packet. The external ends of the thread are secured to a tag which is attached to the outer face of the envelope. The thread intermediate portion is retained close to said one edge by heat seal means. Apparatus is also described for producing the packets in a continuous or semi-continuous manner.

Abstract: A package containing a flowable infusible material which has a drawstring that passes out of the interior of the package via a first exit point and a second exit point and means which constrains said drawstring adjacent at least two sides. The arrangement is such that pulling the ends of the drawstring in substantially opposite directions causes the drawstring to move relative to the sides it engages thus allowing the package to collapse. Preferred embodiments of the package are rectangular, square or circular in shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aroma composition with a low water content comprising alpha-acetolactic acid at a relatively high concentration level, and of which the rest consists mainly of edible carrier material.

Abstract: A cable guide for X-ray scanners includes a guide roller which rolls between concentric parallel sectors of drums, one end of the cable being fastened to one drum and passing around the roller.

Abstract: A cable guide for X-ray scanners includes an elastomer-coated guide roller which rolls between concentric, parallel drums one end of the cable being fastened to one drum and passing around the roller.

Abstract: Unsaturated fatty acid derivatives which, besides fatty acids with two double bonds, contain fatty acids with more than two double bonds, are hydrogenated in the presence of a palladium, platinum or rhodium catalyst which has been treated with ethylenediamine or a homologue and/or a derivative thereof and at a temperature of -20.degree. to 100.degree. C. The hydrogenation progresses very selectively while very little isomerization to trans-fatty acids occurs.For example, in the hydrogenation of soya bean oil to a linolenic acid content of 2%, the linoleic acid content only decreases to 45-52%. Under identical conditions an untreated catalyst leads to a linoleic acid content of about 35%.

Abstract: Triglyceride oils, which contain besides fatty acids having two double bonds, fatty acids having more than two double bonds, are hydrogenated using palladium, platinum, rhodium and/or iridium as a catalyst, the catalyst being treated with dry ammonia. The hydrogenation is carried out at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. The hydrogenation progresses in a particularly selective manner. On using, for instance, soyabean oil, which contains about 55% of linoleic acid and 7% of linolenic acid, the amount of linolenic acid can be reduced to 2%, whereby more than 45% of linoleic acid is retained in the hydrogenated product. In case the catalyst is not treated, said amount is only about 35%.

Abstract: The selectivity of the hydrogenation of compounds containing more than one double carbon-carbon bond in the presence of a metallic catalyst of group VIII of the periodic system is improved and trans isomer formation is reduced by treating the catalyst with a basic compound before addition of the catalyst to the substrate or in situ.The basic compound is a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, an alkali or alkaline earth hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, a salt with a weak acid of such a hydroxide or an alcoholate of the cations of these hydroxides.