Abstract: A method of shifting and fixing an optical frequency of an optical resonator to a desired optical frequency, and an optical resonator made by such a method are provided. The method includes providing an optical resonator having a surface and a refractive index, and obtaining a coating composition having a predetermined concentration of a substance and having a refractive index that is substantially similar to the refractive index of the optical resonator. The coating composition inherently possesses a thickness when it is applied as a coating. The method further includes determining a coating ratio for the surface of the optical resonator and applying the coating composition onto a portion of the surface of the optical resonator based upon the determined coating ratio.

Abstract: An interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system having a special-purpose processor to integrate motion compensation, interferogram coregistration, and a spectral shifting for optimal interferogram correlation together to achieve efficient, accurate, and robust three-dimensional imaging. A simple radar mapping coordinate system is implemented in the present invention to enhance the overall image processing and in particular to improve the accuracy and efficiency. The present invention substantially improves the fidelity and efficiency of phase unwrapping by incorporating phase-bootstrapping process, a correlation filter, and other processes. Absolute phase determination is implemented without known ground references by two proposed techniques employing cross-correlation of sub-patches to generate a number of estimates within a patch and weighting correlation processes.