Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, more particularly to a cobalt-containing catalyst composition. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor, a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst, and a hydrocarbon synthesis process wherein such a catalyst is used. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a cobalt-containing catalyst composition comprising cobalt and/or a cobalt compound supported on and/or in a silica (SiO2) catalyst support wherein the average pore diameter of the catalyst support is more than 20 nm but less than 50 nm; the catalyst composition also including a titanium compound on and/or in the catalyst support, and a manganese compound on and/or in the catalyst support.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor. The process includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a silica (SiO2) catalyst support supporting cobalt nitrate to convert the cobalt nitrate into cobalt oxide. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support at a high heating rate, which does not fall below 10° C./minute, during at least a temperature range A. The temperature range A is from the lowest temperature at which calcination of the loaded catalyst support begins to 165° C. Gas flow is effected over the loaded catalyst support during at least the temperature range A. The catalyst precursor is reduced to obtain a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, more particularly to a cobalt-containing catalyst composition. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor, a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst, and a hydrocarbon synthesis process wherein such a catalyst is used. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a cobalt-containing catalyst composition comprising cobalt and/or a cobalt compound supported on and/or in a silica (SiO2) catalyst support wherein the average pore diameter of the catalyst support is more than 20 nm but less than 50 nm; the catalyst composition also including a titanium compound on and/or in the catalyst support, and a manganese compound on and/or in the catalyst support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, more particularly to a cobalt-containing catalyst composition. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor, a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst, and a hydrocarbon synthesis process wherein such a catalyst is used. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a cobalt-containing catalyst composition comprising cobalt and/or a cobalt compound supported on and/or in a catalyst support; the catalyst composition also including a titanium compound on and/or in the catalyst support, and a manganese compound on and/or in the catalyst support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, more particularly to a cobalt-containing catalyst composition. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor, a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst, and a hydrocarbon synthesis process wherein such a catalyst is used. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a cobalt-containing catalyst composition comprising cobalt and/or a cobalt compound supported on and/or in a catalyst support; the catalyst composition also including a titanium compound on and/or in the catalyst support, and a manganese compound on and/or in the catalyst support.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst material, in the form of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor and/or catalyst, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor and/or catalyst. The invention also extends to the use of a catalyst precursor and/or catalyst prepared by the method according to the invention in a hydrocarbon synthesis process, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis process. According to this invention, a method for the preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst material includes the steps of treating Fe(II) carboxylate in solution with an oxidizing agent to convert it to Fe(III) carboxylate in solution under conditions which ensure that such oxidation does not take place simultaneously with any dissolution of Fe(0); and hydrolyzing the Fe(III) carboxylate solution resulting from step (iii) and precipitating one or more Fe(III) hydrolysis products.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor includes introducing a multi-functional carboxylic acid having the general formula (1) HOOC—C*R1C*R2—COOH (1) or a precursor thereof, where C* in each of C*Ri and C*R2 is a sp2 carbon, and R1 and R2 are the same or different, and are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an organic group, into and/or onto a particulate catalyst support. The ratio of the quantity of multifunctional carboxylic acid used relative to the support surface area is at least 0.3 ?mol carboxylic acid/m2 of support surface area. Simultaneously with the introduction of the carboxylic acid into and/or onto the catalyst support, or subsequent thereto, a cobalt compound is introduced into and/or onto the catalyst support. The impregnated support is calcined to obtain the cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst material, in the form of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor and/or catalyst, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor and/or catalyst. The invention also extends to the use of a catalyst precursor and/or catalyst prepared by the method according to the invention in a hydrocarbon synthesis process, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis process. According to this invention, a method for the preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst material includes the steps of treating Fe(II) carboxylate in solution with an oxidising agent to convert it to Fe(III) carboxylate in solution under conditions which ensure that such oxidation does not take place simultaneously with any dissolution of Fe(0); and hydrolysing the Fe(III) carboxylate solution resulting from step (iii) and precipitating one or more Fe(III) hydrolysis products.

Abstract: A process for producing a supported cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes, in a first activation stage, treating a particulate catalyst precursor with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR1, until the precursor has reached a temperature, T1, where 80° C.?T1?180° C., to obtain a partially treated precursor. In a second activation stage, the partially treated precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at an average heating rate, HR2, with x step increments, where 0<HR2<HR1, for a time, t1, where t1 is from 0.1 to 20 hours, to obtain a partially reduced precursor. Thereafter, in a third activation stage, the partially reduced precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR3, where HR3>HR2 until the partially reduced precursor reaches a temperature, T2. The partially reduced precursor is maintained at T2 for a time, t2, where t2 is from 0 to 20 hours, to obtain an activated catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a supported cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes, in a first activation stage, treating a particulate catalyst precursor with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR1, until the precursor has reached a temperature, T1, where 80° C.?T1?180° C., to obtain a partially treated precursor. In a second activation stage, the partially treated precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR2, where 0?HR2<HR1, for a time, t1, where t1 is from 0.1 to 20 hours, to obtain a partially reduced precursor. Thereafter, in a third activation stage, the partially reduced precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR3, where HR3>HR2 until the partially reduced precursor reaches a temperature, T2. The partially reduced precursor is maintained at T2 for a time, t2, where t2 is from 0 to 20 hours, to obtain an activated catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor includes introducing a multi-functional carboxylic acid having the general formula (1) HOOC—C*R1C*R2—COOH (1) or a precursor thereof, where C* in each of C*Ri and C*R2 is a sp2 carbon, and R1 and R2 are the same or different, and are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an organic group, into and/or onto a particulate catalyst support. The ratio of the quantity of multifunctional carboxylic acid used relative to the support surface area is at least 0.3 ?mol carboxylic acid/m2 of support surface area. Simultaneously with the introduction of the carboxylic acid into and/or onto the catalyst support, or subsequent thereto, a cobalt compound is introduced into and/or onto the catalyst support. The impregnated support is calcined to obtain the cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A process for producing a supported cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes, in a first activation stage, treating a particulate catalyst precursor with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR1, until the precursor has reached a temperature, T1, where 80° C.?T1?180° C., to obtain a partially treated precursor. In a second activation stage, the partially treated precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR2, where 0?HR2<HR1, for a time, t1, where t1 is from 0.1 to 20 hours, to obtain a partially reduced precursor. Thereafter, in a third activation stage, the partially reduced precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR3, where HR3>HR2 until the partially reduced precursor reaches a temperature, T2. The partially reduced precursor is maintained at T2 for a time, t2, where t2 is from 0 to 20 hours, to obtain an activated catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a supported cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes, in a first activation stage, treating a particulate catalyst precursor with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR1, until the precursor has reached a temperature, T1, where 80° C.?T1?180° C., to obtain a partially treated precursor. In a second activation stage, the partially treated precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at an average heating rate, HR2, with x step increments, where 0<HR2<HR1, for a time, t1, where t1 is from 0.1 to 20 hours, to obtain a partially reduced precursor. Thereafter, in a third activation stage, the partially reduced precursor is treated with a reducing gas, at a heating rate, HR3, where HR3>HR2 until the partially reduced precursor reaches a temperature, T2. The partially reduced precursor is maintained at T2 for a time, t2, where t2 is from 0 to 20 hours, to obtain an activated catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a homogeneous metathesis process for converting C4 to C10 olefins in a Fischer-Tropsch derived feedstock to C6 to C18 olefins, wherein a higher transitions group metal catalyst is used to metathesize a double bond on a linear portion of the olefin, provided that the double bond is at least three carbons away from a branch if the olefin is branched. The catalyst may include a metal-alkylidene complex and the metal may be ruthenium, osmium, tungsten, or iridium. A suitable catalyst is a Grubbs catalyst. The metathesis process includes a recycle process to maintain the reaction equilibrium, although ethylene can be extracted from the process if a recycle process is not used. A co-solvent is used to increase the product yield. The C6 to C18 olefin produced by the above process may be suitable for use as drilling fluids.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of propylene by butene metathesis. The process includes contacting a feedstock, which contains butene selected from 1-butene, 2-butene and mixtures thereof, with a catalyst which includes a catalytic amount of at least one metal oxide selected from oxides of the transition metals. The contacting is under reaction conditions which include a temperature of 300-600 øC. and a pressure of 1 20 atmospheres, and converts the butene to propylene, thereby to produce a reaction product containing propylene. C5— and higher hydrocarbons produced by the metathesis are separated from the reaction product and are recycled to the reaction where they are contacted with the catalyst.