Abstract: A drug packaging machine which can provide patients with information of any drug which cannot be packaged in a drug bag if prescribed drugs include such a drug. If prescribed drugs include a drug which cannot be packaged in a drug bag, an empty bag is formed at a position corresponding to the order in which this particular drug is to be taken, and the data for taking this particular drug is printed on the empty bag. A patient can thus take all of his or her necessary drugs simply by following the order in which the drug bags are series-connected.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a negative pressure dialysis machine which includes a negative pressure valving system and transmembrane pressure alarm system.An electromagnetically controlled flapper valve is disclosed herein for use as a negative pressure control valve. The flapper valve permits accurate control of negative pressure and changes in negative pressure to be affected rapidly.Transmembrane pressure alarm systems are provided which detect the difference in pressure between the blood and dialysate in the dialyzer and activate alarms and prevent dialysis (a) if the dialysate pressure exceeds the blood pressure and/or (b) if a blood pressure signal is not received which would permit actual transmembrane pressure to increase beyond a predetermined limit.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a blood pressure alarm system for use in a dialysis machine whereby alarms may be activated, and a blood pump deactivated if the actual blood pressure increases above or decreases below predetermined levels. The levels are determined by setting a particular blood pressure point and setting the amount by which the pressure can vary above and below the set point. A memory is provided for storing the set point and preventing variation of the set point with time. The dialysis machine and alarm system can malfunction under certain conditions and protection circuitry operates the alarms if a malfunction occurs.