Abstract: A method for analyzing formation fluid in a subterranean formation is disclosed, wherein the method includes the steps of: adding a scavenger compound to an analytical reagent to form a reagent solution; collecting an amount of formation fluid into a formation tester, wherein the formation tester includes at least one fluids analyzer comprising at least one probe, at least one flow line, at least one reagent container, and at least one spectral analyzer, wherein the fluids analyzer is configured such that the collected formation fluid is fed through the at least one flow line to the at least one spectral analyzer; mixing an amount of the collected formation fluid with an amount of the reagent solution to form a mixture; and analyzing the mixture downhole.

Abstract: Methods and related apparatuses and mixtures are described for spectroscopic detection of hydrogen sulfide in a fluid, for example a formation fluid downhole. A reagent mixture is combined with the fluid. The reagent mixture includes metal ions for reacting with hydrogen sulfide forming a metal sulfide, and a capping agent that limits growth of the insoluble metal sulfide species by electrosteric or steric stabilization. The particle growth is one of chemical reaction or significant aggregation, and the capping agent further functionalizes the reagent mixture to exhibit properties outside the natural characteristics of the metal sulfide species to allow for spectroscopic detection of the metal sulfide species. The combined mixture and fluid is then spectroscopically interrogated to detect the presence of the metal sulfide thereby indicating the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the fluid. The mixture also includes chelating ligands for sustaining thermal endurance of the mixture under downhole conditions.

Abstract: Methods and related apparatuses and mixtures are described for spectroscopic detection of hydrogen sulfide in a fluid, for example a formation fluid downhole. A reagent mixture is combined with the fluid. The reagent mixture includes metal ions for reacting with hydrogen sulfide forming a metal sulfide, and a capping agent that limits growth of the insoluble metal sulfide species by electrosteric or steric stabilization. The particle growth is one of chemical reaction or significant aggregation, and the capping agent further functionalizes the reagent mixture to exhibit properties outside the natural characteristics of the metal sulfide species to allow for spectroscopic detection of the metal sulfide species. The combined mixture and fluid is then spectroscopically interrogated to detect the presence of the metal sulfide thereby indicating the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the fluid. The mixture also includes chelating ligands for sustaining thermal endurance of the mixture under downhole conditions.

Abstract: A method for analyzing formation fluid in a subterranean formation is disclosed, wherein the method includes the steps of: adding a scavenger compound to an analytical reagent to form a reagent solution; collecting an amount of formation fluid into a formation tester, wherein the formation tester includes at least one fluids analyzer comprising at least one probe, at least one flow line, at least one reagent container, and at least one spectral analyzer, wherein the fluids analyzer is configured such that the collected formation fluid is fed through the at least one flow line to the at least one spectral analyzer; mixing an amount of the collected formation fluid with an amount of the reagent solution to form a mixture; and analyzing the mixture downhole.

Abstract: A linearized thermal and optical model of an optical integrated circuit can be used to temperature-stabilize one or more optical elements of the circuit using active temperature regulation. To stabilize a single optical element, a temperature sensor and a heater can be provided proximate to the grating. Thermal and optical coefficients can be then used to select an appropriate temperature set-point for the temperature controller that receives readings from the sensor and determines the power dissipated in the heater. Multiple optical elements can be stabilized individually, using the same process and lumping cross-heating factors together with other environmental factors. Alternatively, multiple AWG's can be stabilized using fewer sensors than optical elements, by stabilizing one of the optical elements in the same manner as in the case of a single optical elements, and determining power dissipated in the heaters of the remaining optical elements based on the linearized model.

Abstract: A linearized thermal and optical model of an optical integrated circuit can be used to temperature-stabilize one or more optical elements of the circuit using active temperature regulation. To stabilize a single optical element, a temperature sensor and a heater can be provided proximate to the grating. Thermal and optical coefficients can be then used to select an appropriate temperature set-point for the temperature controller that receives readings from the sensor and determines the power dissipated in the heater. Multiple optical elements can be stabilized individually, using the same process and lumping cross-heating factors together with other environmental factors. Alternatively, multiple AWG's can be stabilized using fewer sensors than optical elements, by stabilizing one of the optical elements in the same manner as in the case of a single optical elements, and determining power dissipated in the heaters of the remaining optical elements based on the linearized model.

Abstract: A linearized thermal and optical model of an optical integrated circuit can be used to temperature-stabilize one or more optical elements of the circuit using active temperature regulation. To stabilize a single optical element, such as an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), a temperature sensor and a heater can be provided proximate to the grating. Thermal and optical coefficients can be then used to select an appropriate temperature set-point for the temperature controller that receives readings from the sensor and determines the power dissipated in the heater. Multiple AWG's can be stabilized individually, using the same process and lumping cross-heating factors together with other environmental factors. Alternatively, multiple AWG's can be stabilized using fewer sensors than AWG's, by stabilizing one of the AWG's in the same manner as in the case of a single AWG, and determining power dissipated in the heaters of the remaining AWG's based on the linearized model.

Abstract: A linearized thermal and optical model of an optical integrated circuit can be used to temperature-stabilize one or more optical elements of the circuit using active temperature regulation. To stabilize a single optical element, such as an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), a temperature sensor and a heater can be provided proximate to the grating. Thermal and optical coefficients can be then used to select an appropriate temperature set-point for the temperature controller that receives readings from the sensor and determines the power dissipated in the heater. Multiple AWG's can be stabilized individually, using the same process and lumping cross-heating factors together with other environmental factors. Alternatively, multiple AWG's can be stabilized using fewer sensors than AWG's, by stabilizing one of the AWG's in the same manner as in the case of a single AWG, and determining power dissipated in the heaters of the remaining AWG's based on the linearized model.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device which carries multiple optical signals where the optical device has a plurality of distal waveguides some of which may be configured to control insertion loss among the multiple optical signals.

Abstract: An optical integrated circuit (OIC) or optical apparatus upon which a waveguide-grating router (WGR) device is fashioned is provided, where the circuit is configured to optimize a passband for each channel transmitted on an output waveguide. The WGR has two or more waveguides of varying widths optically coupled to a slab waveguide. The widths can be configured to facilitate producing a substantially uniform frequency-limited bandwidth, a substantially uniform wavelength-limited bandwidth, a substantially uniform isolation value, and/or a substantially uniform value for insertion loss between the output waveguides, which in turn facilitates producing optical data communication devices with more consistent transmission parameters and higher quality. In addition to various widths, the shape of the delivering end of a slab waveguide can be fashioned to further improve the consistency and quality of such parameters.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides an optical wavelength router that includes at least one dendritic taper region. The dendritic taper region includes at least one dendritic taper which has a trunk and at least one branch optically coupled to the trunk. In addition to the dendritic taper region, the optical wavelength router includes at least one input waveguide, a input slab waveguide, an arrayed waveguide grating, an output slab waveguide, and at least one output waveguide. The improved optical wavelength router provides a wide passband width without a substantial effect on insertion loss.

Abstract: An arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) comprises sets of output waveguides for a number of bands. Angular separation of adjacent output waveguides is relatively small for adjacent output waveguides. within a band and significantly larger for adjacent output waveguides belonging to different bands. In specific embodiments the output waveguides are arranged into at least two bands, each band comprising at least two adjacent waveguides. Each band is used in conjunction with an input waveguide specific to the particular band. AWGRs according to the invention may be made so that the passbands from a plurality of output waveguides fall on a wavelength grid or a frequency grid. Dummy waveguides may be included for ease of fabrication.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides an optical wavelength router that includes at least one dendritic taper region. The dendritic taper region includes at least one dendritic taper which has a trunk and at least one branch optically coupled to the trunk. In addition to the dendritic taper region, the optical wavelength router includes at least one input waveguide, a input slab waveguide, an arrayed waveguide grating, an output slab waveguide, and at least one output waveguide. The improved optical wavelength router provides a wide passband width without a substantial effect on insertion loss.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device which carries multiple optical signals where the optical device has a plurality of distal waveguides some of which may be configured to control insertion loss among the multiple optical signals.