Abstract: A semiconductor device including a first interlayer insulating film; a conductive pattern in the first interlayer insulating film; a resistance pattern on the conductive pattern; an upper etching stopper film spaced apart from the resistance pattern, extending in parallel with a top surface of the resistance pattern, and including a first metal; a lower etching stopper film on the conductive pattern, extending in parallel with a top surface of the first interlayer insulating film, and including a second metal; and a second interlayer insulating film on the upper etching stopper film and the lower etching stopper film, wherein a distance from a top surface of the second interlayer insulating film to a top surface of the upper etching stopper film is smaller than a distance from the top surface of the second interlayer insulating film to a top surface of the lower etching stopper film.

Abstract: A broadcast channel information sharing method in an electronic device and the electronic device thereof are provided. An operation method in an electronic device includes creating a request message of requesting to share broadcast channel information, the request message comprising one or more of user information, location information, and habit information, transmitting, by the electronic device, the request message to a network server, receiving, by the electronic device, a response message corresponding to the request message from the network server, and extracting, by the electronic device, broadcast channel information of another electronic device comprised in the response message and sharing the extracted broadcast channel information with the other electronic device.

Abstract: A broadcast channel information sharing method in an electronic device and the electronic device thereof are provided. An operation method in an electronic device includes creating a request message of requesting to share broadcast channel information, the request message comprising one or more of user information, location information, and habit information, transmitting, by the electronic device, the request message to a network server, receiving, by the electronic device, a response message corresponding to the request message from the network server, and extracting, by the electronic device, broadcast channel information of another electronic device comprised in the response message and sharing the extracted broadcast channel information with the other electronic device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating a sensor node in a sensor network. The method for authenticating a sensor node by a first sink node in a sensor network includes receiving an authentication request using an authentication ticket from the sensor node, identifying a second sink node which has issued the authentication ticket, decoding the authentication ticket using a group key, which is previously stored in correspondence to the second sink node to confirm the validity of the authentication ticket, when the second sink node is included in a neighboring node list, normally processing authentication for the sensor node, generating an authentication ticket using a group key of the first sink node, and transmitting the generated authentication ticket to the sensor node.

Abstract: Disclosed a system and method for mutual authentication between a node and a sink in a sensor network. At least one sink periodically creates a neighboring sink list including information on at least one adjacent sink, and the sink requests node authentication to a base station when receiving an authentication request from the node and transmits its own neighboring sink list to the node when the node authentication has been completed. When the node moves and requests authentication to another sink, the another sink stores a neighboring sink list received from the node, determines if a node-authenticable sink exists in its own neighboring sink list according to the authentication request, and requests re-authentication of the node to the node-authenticable sink when the node-authenticable sink exists, so that re-authentication between the node and the sink is easily performed.

Abstract: A system is provided for authentication between a mobile device (MD) and a sink using a mobile communication network. If a sink authentication request for the sink is received from the MD, a base station (BS) sends a sink authentication response including sink authentication information for the sink, to the MD. The MD forwards the sink authentication request for the sink to the BS, and if a sink authentication response is received from the BS, authenticates the sink using the received sink authentication information. The sink performs authentication with the MD.

Abstract: Disclosed a system and method for mutual authentication between a node and a sink in a sensor network. At least one sink periodically creates a neighboring sink list including information on at least one adjacent sink, and the sink requests node authentication to a base station when receiving an authentication request from the node and transmits its own neighboring sink list to the node when the node authentication has been completed. When the node moves and requests authentication to another sink, the another sink stores a neighboring sink list received from the node, determines if a node-authenticable sink exists in its own neighboring sink list according to the authentication request, and requests re-authentication of the node to the node-authenticable sink when the node-authenticable sink exists, so that re-authentication between the node and the sink is easily performed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating a sensor node in a sensor network. The method for authenticating a sensor node by a first sink node in a sensor network includes receiving an authentication request using an authentication ticket from the sensor node, identifying a second sink node which has issued the authentication ticket, decoding the authentication ticket using a group key, which is previously stored in correspondence to the second sink node to confirm the validity of the authentication ticket, when the second sink node is included in a neighboring node list, normally processing authentication for the sensor node, generating an authentication ticket using a group key of the first sink node, and transmitting the generated authentication ticket to the sensor node.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the inhibition of cancer metastasis, more precisely, a novel pharmaceutical composition against cancer metastasis comprising lipocalin 2 protein, a gene encoding the protein, an expression vector containing the gene or cells transfected with the expression vector as an effective ingredient, a method for the inhibition of cancer metastasis using the composition, a diagnostic kit for the prediction of cancer metastasis, a method for the selection of a metastasis risk group using the kit, a novel pharmaceutical composition for the inhibition of cancer growth and a method for the inhibition of cancer growth using the same. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention specifically inhibits cancer metastasis, so that it can improve the effect of cancer treatment dramatically.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an LK8-Fc fusion protein, which has increased angiogenesis inhibitory activity and in vivo stability. More specifically, relates to an LK8-Fc fusion protein in which an LK8 protein having angiogenesis inhibitory activity is fused with the Fc region of human immunoglobulin IgG1, as well as a composition for treating cancer, which contains the fusion protein. The LK8-Fc fusion protein has not only angiogenesis inhibitory activity leading to anticancer and metastasis inhibitory activities, but also a very long in vivo half-life, and thus can be used as a more efficient and economic cancer therapeutic agent or cancer inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to detoxified and immunologically active proteins (“mutant LTs”) having mutated amino acid sequences of heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli, DNA sequences encoding the mutant LTs, recombinant expression vectors comprising the DNAs, recombinant microorganisms transformed with the recombinant expression vectors, process for preparing the mutant LTs and pharmaceutical application of the said protein as immunogenic antigens for vaccination and as adjuvants for anti-body production. In contrast to wild-type LT, the mutant LTs did not induce any toxic activities. The mutant LTs elicited high and comparable levels of anti-LT antibodies when delivered either intragastrically or intranasally, inducing systemic and local responses in serum and fecal extracts. Thus, they might be useful for the development of a novel diarrheal vaccine in humans and animals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the inhibition of cancer metastasis, more precisely, a novel pharmaceutical composition against cancer metastasis comprising lipocalin 2 protein, a gene encoding the protein, an expression vector containing the gene or cells transfected with the expression vector as an effective ingredient, a method for the inhibition of cancer metastasis using the composition, a diagnostic kit for the prediction of cancer metastasis, a method for the selection of a metastasis risk group using the kit, a novel pharmaceutical composition for the inhibition of cancer growth and a method for the inhibition of cancer growth using the same. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention specifically inhibits cancer metastasis, so that it can improve the effect of cancer treatment dramatically.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of reducing tumor growth that includes contacting the tumor with a tumor growth reducing effective amount of a composition comprising LK8 or LK68 protein or a functionally equivalent amino acid variant thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof to a subject having tumor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anticancer or an anti-metastatic agent for gene therapy, more precisely, an anticancer or an anti-metastatic agent for gene therapy containing a gene carrier or cells harboring human apolipoprotein (a) kringle KIV9-KIV10-KV (LK68) or KV (LK8) gene as an effective ingredient, and a treatment method for cancer using the same. The agent for gene therapy of the present invention has an inhibiting effect on the growth and the metastasis of a tumor, so it can be effectively used for the prevention and the treatment of various solid tumors as a metastasis inhibitor or a therapeutic agent for primary tumors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, LK68 whose amino acid sequence is identical with the human apolipoprotein (a) kringle domains IV36, IV37 and V38, a cDNA sequence encoding the LK68, a recombinant expression vector comprising the cDNA, a recombinant microorganism transformed with the recombinant expression vector and a novel use of the LK68 as an anticancer agent and a method for treating angiogenesis-mediated disease. LK68, LK6, LK7 and LK8 exhibit inhibitory activities on the cultured endothelial cell proliferation as well as on the endothelial cell migration. LK68 and its single kringles also inhibit the normal development of capillaries in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). It was also showed that systemic administration of LK68 causes the inhibition of primary tumor growth, which is correlated with a suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of reducing tumor growth that includes contacting the tumor with a tumor growth reducing effective amount of a composition comprising LK8 or LK68 protein or a functionally equivalent amino acid variant thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof to a subject having tumor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, LK68 whose amino acid sequence is identical with the human apolipoprotein (a) kringle domains IV36, IV37 and V38, a cDNA sequence encoding the LK68, a recombinant expression vector comprising the cDNA, a recombinant microorganism transformed with the recombinant expression vector and a novel use of the LK68 as an anticancer agent and a method for treating angiogenesis-mediated disease. LK68, LK6, LK7 and LK8 exhibit inhibitory activities on the cultured endothelial cell proliferation as well as on the endothelial cell migration. LK68 and its single kringles also inhibit the normal development of capillaries in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). It was also showed that systemic administration of LK68 causes the inhibition of primary tumor growth, which is correlated with a suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, LK68 whose amino acid sequence is identical with the human apolipoprotein (a) kringle domains IV36, IV37 and V38, a cDNA sequence encoding the LK68, a recombinant expression vector comprising the cDNA, a recombinant microorganism transformed with the recombinant expression vector and a novel use of the LK68 as an anticancer agent and a method for treating angiogenesis-mediated disease. LK68, LK6, LK7 and LK8 exhibit inhibitory activities on the cultured endothelial cell proliferation as well as on the endothelial cell migration. LK68 and its single kringles also inhibit the normal development of capillaries in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). It was also showed that systemic administration of LK68 causes the inhibition of primary tumor growth, which is correlated with a suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis.