Abstract: Condition detection using image processing may include receiving telemetry data related to movement of a vehicle along a vehicle path. Condition detection using image processing may further include receiving images captured by the vehicle, and generating, based on the telemetry data and the images, an altitude map for the images, and world coordinates alignment data for the images. Condition detection using image processing may further include detecting the entities in the images, and locations of the entities detected in the images, consolidating the locations of the entities detected in the images to determine a consolidated location for the entities detected in the images, generating, based on the consolidated location, a mask related to the vehicle path and the entities detected in the images, and reconstructing three-dimensional entities model for certain types of entities, based on the entities masks and world coordinates alignment data for the images.

Abstract: Condition detection using image processing may include receiving telemetry data related to movement of a vehicle along a vehicle path. Condition detection using image processing may further include receiving images captured by the vehicle, and generating, based on the telemetry data and the images, an altitude map for the images, and world coordinates alignment data for the images. Condition detection using image processing may further include detecting the entities in the images, and locations of the entities detected in the images, consolidating the locations of the entities detected in the images to determine a consolidated location for the entities detected in the images, generating, based on the consolidated location, a mask related to the vehicle path and the entities detected in the images, and reconstructing three-dimensional entities model for certain types of entities, based on the entities masks and world coordinates alignment data for the images.

Abstract: A method for use by a speech decoder in handling bad frames received over a communications channel a method in which the effects of bad frames are concealed by replacing the values of the spectral parameters of the bad frames (a bad frame being either a corrupted frame or a lost frame) with values based on an at least partly adaptive mean of recently received good frames, but in case of a corrupted frame (as opposed to a lost frame), using the bad frame itself if the bad frame meets a predetermined criterion. The aim of concealment is to find the most suitable parameters for the bad frame so that subjective quality of the synthesized speech is as high as possible.

Abstract: A speech decoder comprises a decoder (103) for converting a linear prediction encoded speech signal into a first sample stream having a first sampling rate and representing a first frequency band. Additionally it comprises a vocoder (105) for converting an input signal into a second sample stream having a second sampling rate and representing a second frequency band, and combination means (107) for combining the first and second sample streams in processed form. It comprises also means (301) for generating a second linear prediction filter, to be used by the vocoder (105) on the second frequency band, on the basis of a first linear prediction filter used by the decoder (103) on the first frequency band. Extrapolation through an infinite impulse response filter is the preferable method of generating the second linear prediction filter.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunications system comprises a mobile station (MS) and a network. The mobile station has a multi-rate speech encoder which produces an encoded speech signal which is transmitted to the network. The network has a multi-rate speech decoder which decodes the encoded speech signal to produce a decoded speech signal. The network also comprises a signal analyser which measures speech characteristics of the decoded speech signal to produce speech characteristics information and an up-link mode control unit which receives the speech characteristics information and produces a mode command. The mode command is transmitted by the network to the mobile station where it is used to control the speech encoding bit rate of the multi-rate speech encoder.

Abstract: A method for use by a speech decoder in handling bad frames received over a communications channel a method in which the effects of bad frames are concealed by replacing the values of the spectral parameters of the bad frames (a bad frame being either a corrupted frame or a lost frame) with values based on an at least partly adaptive mean of recently received good frames, but in case of a corrupted frame (as opposed to a lost frame), using the bad frame itself if the bad frame meets a predetermined criterion. The aim of concealment is to find the most suitable parameters for the bad frame so that subjective quality of the synthesized speech is as high as possible.

Abstract: A method for use by a speech decoder in handling bad frames received over a communications channel a method in which the effects of bad frames are concealed by replacing the values of the spectral parameters of the bad frames (a bad frame being either a corrupted frame or a lost frame) with values based on an at least partly adaptive mean of recently received good frames, but in case of a corrupted frame (as opposed to a lost frame), using the bad frame itself if the bad frame meets a predetermined criterion. The aim of concealment is to find the most suitable parameters for the bad frame so that subjective quality of the synthesized speech is as high as possible.

Abstract: A method and arrangements are provided for transmitting frames of digital information over a wireless communication connection between a transmitter and a receiver. In the transmitter, a certain sequence of bits within each frame of digital information is convolutionally encoded and punctured before transmitting the frame over a wireless communication connection. The receiver decodes and depunctures the sequence of bits within each frame of digital information, that was convolutionally encoded and punctured, after receiving the frame over a wireless communication connection. The transmitter rearranges the sequence of bits within each frame of digital information that is to be convolutionally encoded and punctured, before convolutionally encoding and puncturing it.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting and controlling audible errors in a sound communication system at the receiver utilizes channel quality data and also iterative synthesis. Errors occurring in synthesized speech are detected by searching for atypical sound with a stringency dependent upon channel quality. The greater the channel quality deficiency is, the higher the typicality standards will be. Errors are controlled by either re-synthesizing the signal in an iterative way using typicality standards which vary with channel quality deficiency, or by modifying the output signal using typicality standards which vary with channel quality deficiency, or both.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus for encoding a sequence of bits for transmission as symbols, some of the bit positions of the symbols having a higher bit error rate than other bit positions. A plurality of sequences of bits is provided using a convolutional encoder, in response to a sequence of input bits, each sequence of bits being defined by a predetermined generator polynomial having a predetermined level of sensitivity to puncturing. Then the bits of each sequence of bits are mapped to symbol positions based on the level of sensitivity of the generator polynomial defining the sequence of bits. With interleaving, the mapping of bits of each sequence of bits to symbol positions can precede a symbol interleaving step, or it can follow a bit interleaving step.

Abstract: A method and system for concealing errors in one or more bad frames in a speech sequence as part of an encoded bit stream received in a decoder. When the speech sequence is voiced, the LTP-parameters in the bad frames are replaced by the corresponding parameters in the last frame. When the speech sequence is unvoiced, the LTP-parameters in the bad frames are replaced by values calculated based on the LTP history along with an adaptively-limited random term.

Abstract: A speech encoding or decoding arrangement (711, 721, 811, 821) comprises a speech signal input and a multiple mode speech encoder (402) or decoder (411) for encoding or decoding speech signals coupled to the speech signal input selectabily with a first encoding or decoding mode associated with a first bandwidth or a second encoding or decoding mode associated with a second bandwidth. It comprises a soft bandwidth switching block (401, 412, 500) with an input (IN) and an output (OUT). In an encoding arrangement the input (IN) is coupled to the speech signal input and the output (OUT) is coupled to the multiple mode speech encoder (402). In a decoding arrangement the input (IN) is coupled to the multiple mode speech decoder (411) and the output (OUT) is the output of the decoding arrangement.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunications system comprises a mobile station (MS) and a network. The mobile station has a multi-rate speech encoder which produces an encoded speech signal which is transmitted to the network. The network has a multi-rate speech decoder which decodes the encoded speech signal to produce a decoded speech signal. The network also comprises a signal analyser which measures speech characteristics of the decoded speech signal to produce speech characteristics information and an up-link mode control unit which receives the speech characteristics information and produces a mode command. The mode command is transmitted by the network to the mobile station where it is used to control the speech encoding bit rate of the multi-rate speech encoder.

Abstract: A codec (coder and decoder) in which LP analysis and LP synthesis of a full wideband speech signal is performed, and, in an excitation search part of the coder (searching for a codeword in case of CELP), the signal is divided into a lower band and a higher band with the lower band searched using a decimated target signal obtained by decimating the input speech signal after filtering it through a wideband LP analysis filter. White noise is optionally used for the higher band excitation. In the decoder, the lower band excitation is first interpolated, and then the two excitations (lower band and higher band) are added together and filtered through a wideband LP synthesis filter. Thus, an LP encoding is provided in which the sampling rate used for the search for a lower band excitation is less than the wideband sampling rate used in the LP analysis and synthesis.

Abstract: A method and system for encoding and decoding an input signal, wherein the input signal is divided into a higher frequency band and a lower frequency band in the encoding and decoding processes, and wherein the decoding of the higher frequency band is carried out by using an artificial signal along with speech related parameters obtained from the lower frequency band. In particular, the artificial signal is scaled before it is transformed into an artificial wideband signal containing colored noise in both the lower and the higher frequency band. Additionally, voice activity information is used to define speech periods and non-speech periods of the input signal. Based on the voice activity information, different weighting factors are used to scale the artificial signal in speech periods and non-speech periods.

Abstract: A method and system for providing comfort noise in the non-speech periods in speech communication. The comfort noise is generated based on whether the background noise in the speech input is stationary or non-stationary. If the background noise is non-stationary, a random component is inserted in the comfort noise using a dithering process. If the background noise is stationary, the dithering process is not used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transmitting background noise information including a silence descriptor identifier and background noise parameters in a communication system in which the information to be transmitted is formed into data frames. The data frames are subjected to channel coding to form channel-coded frames. The channel-coded frames are interleaved to be transmitted in two or more data transmission frames, and information of two channel-coded frames is transmitted in each data transmission frame. A first silence descriptor frame is formed provided with the silence descriptor identifier. The first silence descriptor frame is subjected to channel coding to form a channel-coded silence descriptor frame. The channel-coded silence descriptor frame is transmitted in two or more data transmission frames, and at least one data transmission frame transmitting part of the channel-coded silence descriptor frame is also used to transmit at least the background noise parameters.

Abstract: A speech coding method and device for encoding and decoding an input signal and providing synthesized speech, wherein the higher frequency components of the synthesized speech are achieved by high-pass filtering and coloring an artificial signal to provide a processed artificial signal. The processed artificial signal is scaled by a first scaling factor during the active speech periods of the input signal and a second scaling factor during the non-active speech periods, wherein the first scaling factor is characteristic of the higher frequency band of the input signal and the second scaling factor is characteristic of the lower frequency band of the input signal. In particular, the second scaling factor is estimated based on the lower frequency components of the synthesized speech and the coloring of the artificial signal is based on the linear predictive coding coefficients characteristic of the lower frequency of the input signal.

Abstract: An improved method for generating comfort noise (CN) in a mobile terminal operating in a discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode. In one embodiment the invention provides an improved method for comfort noise generation, in which a random excitation is modified by a spectral control filter so that the frequency content of comfort noise and background noise become similar. In another embodiment the transmitter identifies speech coding parameters that are not representative of the actual background noise, and replaces the identified parameters with parameters having a median value. In this manner the non-representative parameters do not skew the result of an averaging operation.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus for encoding a sequence of bits for transmission as symbols, some of the bit positions of the symbols having a higher bit error rate than other bit positions. The method includes: a step (31, 32, 41, 42) of providing a plurality of sequences of bits using a convolutional encoder (31, 41), in response to a sequence of input bits, each sequence of bits being defined by a predetermined generator polynomial having a predetermined level of sensitivity to puncturing; and a step (33, 44) of mapping the bits of each sequence of bits to symbol positions based on the level of sensitivity of the generator polynomial defining the sequence of bits. With interleaving, the mapping of bits of each sequence of bits to symbol positions (33, 44) can precede a symbol interleaving step (34), or it can follow a bit interleaving step (43).