Abstract: This process for treating surfaces of products dip-coated in a bath of molten zinc and aluminum, and intended to be phosphated, involves pickling, preceding the phosphating, with a highly alkaline solution of high pH and containing zinc in solution. The process applies chiefly to products whose coating contains a high proportion of aluminum, particularly in the case of galvanized sheet metal, which it makes easier to phosphate. It is used for painted sheet metal for motor vehicles.

Abstract: The energy converter utilizes the products of radiolysis of an aqueous solution of an oxidation-reduction pair and comprises a leak-tight jacket initially filled with a pure gas which is identical with the gas evolved as a result of radiolysis. A porous electrode impregnated with the aqueous solution of the oxidation-reduction pair and specific to the reaction of this latter is placed within the jacket. The converter also comprises a gas electrode which is specific to the gas evolved as a result of radiolysis, a porous diaphragm for effecting the ionic junction between the two electrodes by gas/liquid surface conductivity and means for connecting the electrodes to an external circuit.