Abstract: In DNA methylation measurement, there are a problem of incomplete bisulfite conversion (problem 1), a problem of the occurrence of bias in a case where a plurality of different biomarker sequences/genes are amplified together (problem 2), and a problem in which the degree of excessive amplification of an unmethylated signal depends on a gene sequence and a chemical substance used for the measurement (problem 3). An aspect of the present invention provides a system that learns measurement error characteristics in the presence of the three problems and reflects the learned error characteristics in a biomarker selection criterion and a method corresponding to the system. Addressing the problem of evaluating the measurement error characteristics for DNA methylation under the presence of combinations of the problems 1 to 3 forms the major novelty of the present invention.

Abstract: A state estimation apparatus includes a processor configured to estimate, from first test information obtained as a result of a first test conducted on a test target, second test information indicating a result of a second test, whether to conduct the second test being determined on a basis of a result indicated by the first test information, and estimate a state of the test target from the estimated second test information and the first test information.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores, for each object judged by a user whether to select the object, a selection history indicating whether the user has selected the object and a recommendation history indicating whether the object has been recommended to the user. The processor reads information from the memory. The processor is configured to conduct machine learning for estimating an effect of recommending each object from the selection history and the recommendation history, and to output, based on a result of the machine learning, information concerning an object that is predicted to be more likely to be selected by the user as a result of being recommended so as to satisfy a predetermined possibility level or higher.