Abstract: A probe array having decoupled electrical and mechanical design constraints on the probes is provided. Each probe is a two-part structure with the two parts able to stay in electrical contact with each other as the parts slide up and down with respect to each other. The probes are disposed in through holes of an elastic matrix, each probe having its corresponding hole. The probes engage with the elastic matrix such that a restoring force in response to vertical probe compression is provided by the elastic matrix. With this approach, electrical and mechanical design are much more decoupled than in conventional spring probe design. The elastic matrix provides the mechanical compliance and restoring force, while the parts of the probe determine its current carrying capacity and electrical bandwidth.

Abstract: A probe-on-carrier architecture is provided, where several vertical probes are disposed on each probe carrier and the probe carriers are affixed to the space transformer. Each vertical probe has two flexible members. The first flexible member makes electrical contact to the space transformer. The second flexible member makes temporary electrical contact to the device under test. A mechanical stiffener can be used to deal with the possible lack of flatness and thermal expansion of the space transformer. The mechanical stiffener can be affixed to the space transformer to bring the flatness and thermal expansion of the space transformer to within specifications. Alternatively, the mechanical stiffener can be affixed to the space transformer without trying to bring the flatness and thermal expansion of the space transformer to within specifications.

Abstract: Probes for testing electrical circuits having decoupled electrical and mechanical design are provided. For example, a mechanically resilient core can be surrounded by an electrically conductive shell. In this way, electrical parameters of the probes are determined by the shells and mechanical parameters of the probes are determined by the cores. An important application of this approach is to provide impedance matched transmission line probes.

Abstract: Probes are connected to the space transformer via multiple carrier plates. Electrical contacts from the probes to the space transformer are by way of spring tail features on the probes that connect to the space transformer and not to the carrier plates. In other words, the carrier plates are purely mechanical in function. This configuration can significantly reduce probe array fabrication time relative to sequential placement of individual probes on the space transformer. Multiple probe carrier plates can be populated with probes in parallel, and the final sequential assembly of carrier plates onto the space transformer has a greatly reduced operation count. Deviations of the space transformer from flatness can be compensated for.

Abstract: A skate on a tip of a probe for testing electrical devices is a reduced thickness probe tip contact. Such a skate can advantageously increase contact pressure, but it can also undesirably reduce probe lifetime due to rapid mechanical wear of the skate. Here multilayer skate probes are provided where the overall shape of the probe tip is a smooth curved surface, as opposed to the conventional fin-like skate configuration. The skate layer is the most mechanically wear-resistant layer in the structure, so abrasive processing of the probe tip leads to a probe skate defined by the skate layer. The resulting probes provide the advantage of increased contact pressure without the disadvantage of reduced lifetime.

Abstract: A probe-on-carrier architecture is provided, where several vertical probes are disposed on each probe carrier and the probe carriers are affixed to the space transformer. Each vertical probe has two flexible members. The first flexible member makes electrical contact to the space transformer. The second flexible member makes temporary electrical contact to the device under test. A mechanical stiffener can be used to deal with the possible lack of flatness and thermal expansion of the space transformer. The mechanical stiffener can be affixed to the space transformer to bring the flatness and thermal expansion of the space transformer to within specifications. Alternatively, the mechanical stiffener ca be affixed to the space transformer without trying to bring the flatness and thermal expansion of the space transformer to within specifications.

Abstract: Probes for testing electrical circuits having decoupled electrical and mechanical design are provided. For example, a mechanically resilient core can be surrounded by an electrically conductive shell. In this way, electrical parameters of the probes are determined by the shells and mechanical parameters of the probes are determined by the cores. An important application of this approach is to provide impedance matched transmission line probes.

Abstract: A skate on a tip of a probe for testing electrical devices is a reduced thickness probe tip contact. Such a skate can advantageously increase contact pressure, but it can also undesirably reduce probe lifetime due to rapid mechanical wear of the skate. Here multilayer skate probes are provided where the overall shape of the probe tip is a smooth curved surface, as opposed to the conventional fin-like skate configuration. The skate layer is the most mechanically wear-resistant layer in the structure, so abrasive processing of the probe tip leads to a probe skate defined by the skate layer. The resulting probes provide the advantage of increased contact pressure without the disadvantage of reduced lifetime.

Abstract: Probes are connected to the space transformer via multiple carrier plates. Electrical contacts from the probes to the space transformer are by way of spring tail features on the probes that connect to the space transformer and not to the carrier plates. In other words, the carrier plates are purely mechanical in function. This configuration can significantly reduce probe array fabrication time relative to sequential placement of individual probes on the space transformer. Multiple probe carrier plates can be populated with probes in parallel, and the final sequential assembly of carrier plates onto the space transformer has a greatly reduced operation count. Deviations of the space transformer from flatness can be compensated for.

Abstract: The present invention is a probe having a distal end made of one material, a tip and a portion disposed between the distal end and the tip that is a different second material. The probe is laser machined manufactured using a nanosecond or picosecond laser.

Abstract: The present invention is a probe array for testing an electrical device under test comprising one or more ground/power probes and one or more signal probes and optionally a gas flow apparatus.

Abstract: A retention arrangement that includes one or more templates for securing and aligning probes for testing a device under test.

Abstract: Improved probing of closely spaced contact pads is provided by an array of vertical probes having all of the probe tips aligned along a single contact line, while the probe bases are arranged in an array having two or more rows parallel to the contact line. With this arrangement of probes, the probe base thickness can be made greater than the contact pad spacing along the contact line, thereby advantageously increasing the lateral stiffness of the probes. The probe tip thickness is less than the contact pad spacing, so probes suitable for practicing the invention have a wide base section and a narrow tip section.

Abstract: In assembly of probe arrays for electrical test, a problem can arise where a bonding agent undesirably wicks between probes. According to embodiments of the invention, this wicking problem is alleviated by disposing an anti-wicking agent on a surface of the probe assembly such that wicking of the bonding agent along the probes toward the probe tips is hindered. The anti-wicking agent can be a solid powder, a liquid, or a gel. Once probe assembly fabrication is complete, the anti-wicking agent is removed. In preferred embodiments, a template plate is employed to hold the probe tips in proper position during fabrication. In this manner, undesirable bending of probes caused by introduction or removal of the anti-wicking agent can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A probe having a conductive body and a contacting tip that is terminated by one or more blunt skates for engaging a conductive pad of a device under test (DUT) for performing electrical testing. The contacting tip has a certain width and the blunt skate is narrower than the tip width. The skate is aligned along a scrub direction and also has a certain curvature along the scrub direction such that it may undergo both a scrub motion and a self-cleaning rotation upon application of a contact force between the skate and the conductive pad. While the scrub motion clears oxide from the pad to establish electrical contact, the rotation removes debris from the skate and thus preserves a low contact resistance between the skate and the pad. The use of probes with one or more blunt skates and methods of using such self-cleaning probes are especially advantageous when testing DUTs with low-K conductive pads or other mechanically fragile pads that tend to be damaged by large contact force concentration.

Abstract: A probe for testing an electrical device under test. The probe has at least two outer layers and a core layer that is highly conductive. The core layer is disposed between the outer layers.

Abstract: The present invention is a probe array for testing an electrical device under test comprising one or more ground/power probes and one or more signal probes and optionally a gas flow apparatus.

Abstract: A retention arrangement that includes one or more templates for securing and aligning probes for testing a device under test.

Abstract: The present invention is a probe array for testing an electrical device under test comprising one or more ground/power probes and one or more signal probes and optionally a gas flow apparatus.

Abstract: A probe for engaging a conductive pad is provided. The probe includes a probe contact end for receiving a test current, a probe retention portion below the contact end, a block for holding the probe retention portion, a probe arm below the retention portion, a probe contact tip below the arm, and a generally planar self-cleaning skate disposed perpendicular below the contact tip. The self-cleaning skate has a square front, a round back and a flat middle section. The conductive pad is of generally convex shape having a granular non-conductive surface of debris and moves to engage the skate, whereby an overdrive motion is applied to the pad causing the skate to move across and scrub non-conductive debris from the pad displacing the debris along the skate and around the skate round back end to a position on the skate that is away from the pad.