Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel electrolyte system for lithium-based batteries in stationary storage applications. Unlike conventional electrolytes that suffer from limited cycle life and stability, this system incorporates strategically selected sacrificial additives that decompose in a predetermined sequence during cycling. This controlled breakdown forms a self-evolving electrode-electrolyte interface, addressing the limitations of existing technologies by mitigating polysulfide shuttling, enhancing long-term stability, and maintaining consistent ionic conductivity. The system's ability to adapt to changing operational conditions enables ultra-high cycle life, potentially revolutionizing the performance and longevity of stationary energy storage systems.

Abstract: Electrolyte systems for lithium-based batteries address challenges including polysulfide shuttling, lithium dendrite formation, and strict electrolyte composition requirements through improved solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, and performance enhancing additives. The electrolyte systems further incorporate phenyl-based chalcogenide compounds, including Diphenyl sulfide, Diphenyl diselenide, and Diphenyl ditelluride, as redox mediators having redox potentials proximate to the Li-S redox potential. The redox mediators undergo reduction at the cathode surface and diffuse through the electrolyte to mediate electron transfer to lithium polysulfides not in direct contact with conductive surfaces, facilitating conversion to Li2S and improving active material utilization. Diphenyl ditelluride demonstrates superior capacity enhancement across discharge rates from 0.1 C to 1 C.

Abstract: The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon materials has attracted much attention due to their widespread applications. In this work, a high-performance Fe/N doped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets is developed through thermal activation step based on organic groups triggered polymer particles exfoliation. Polymer nanoparticles are exfoliated by the reaction between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and the amino groups. The gas produced from dicyandiamide then blows polymer fragments into ultrathin flexible carbon nanosheets under pyrolysis process, along with nitrogen doping. The Fe—N—C catalyst exhibits half-wave potential (E1/2) at 0.852 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH and at 0.686 V (vs. RHE) in 0.5 M H2SO4 for oxygen reduction reaction. Additionally, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells that employ the catalyst at the cathode exhibits durability close to 100 h, without showing significant degradation after 96 h continuous operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product aspects for response drafting, grounding, generation, and/or auto-response. A similarity search is performed within a database storing data chunks representing knowledge information that corresponds to a user to obtain top-k data chunks associated with an email from the user. A prompt is generated based on the email, the top-k data chunks, and one or more instructions directing a large language model (LLM) to generate related content for responding to the email. The LLM is then queried with the prompt. In addition, a response to the email is generated based on incorporating the related content into a response template.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.