Abstract: A method for determining a quantity of interest in a target comprises: providing simulated statistics of a deviation, caused by a boundary distortion in observations of the physical quantity; providing an approximate mathematical model of observations of the physical quantity, the approximate mathematical model defining the physical quantity to be dependent on the quantity of interest in the target domain, and on a deviation a boundary distortion causes in the observations, said deviation being determined to behave in accordance with the simulated statistics; receiving measured values of the physical quantity; determining an observation difference between the measured values of the physical quantity and corresponding observations according to the approximate mathematical model, and adjusting the approximate mathematical model to reduce the observation difference; and determining an estimate of the quantity of interest in the target domain on the basis of the adjusted approximate mathematical model.

Abstract: A method for determining a quantity of interest in a target comprises: providing simulated statistics of a deviation, caused by a boundary distortion in observations of the physical quantity; providing an approximate mathematical model of observations of the physical quantity, the approximate mathematical model defining the physical quantity to be dependent on the quantity of interest in the target domain, and on a deviation a boundary distortion causes in the observations, said deviation being determined to behave in accordance with the simulated statistics; receiving measured values of the physical quantity; determining an observation difference between the measured values of the physical quantity and corresponding observations according to the approximate mathematical model, and adjusting the approximate mathematical model to reduce the observation difference; and determining an estimate of the quantity of interest in the target domain on the basis of the adjusted approximate mathematical model.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method, apparatus and computer program for detecting the locations of boundaries between different materials in a desired measurement volume. The apparatus uses at least one measuring probe, the electrodes of which are characterized in that they together form an assembly that differs from a straight line. In addition, a volume at a further distance from the assembly can also be observed by the assembly, so that measurements can be conducted remotely and, on the other hand, the apparatus stays unbroken in diverse measurement situations. By using the EIT-measurement and applying for example a so-called 1D-?-method or methods of machine learning, electrical conductivity distributions in the measured volume are detected. As a result, the locations of the possible boundaries between different materials or for example thicknesses of different material layers are detected.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method, apparatus and computer program for detecting the locations of boundaries between different materials in a desired measurement volume. The apparatus uses at least one measuring probe, the electrodes of which are characterized in that they together form an assembly that differs from a straight line. In addition, a volume at a further distance from the assembly can also be observed by the assembly, so that measurements can be conducted remotely and, on the other hand, the apparatus stays unbroken in diverse measurement situations. By using the EIT-measurement and applying for example a so-called 1D-?-method or methods of machine learning, electrical conductivity distributions in the measured volume are detected. As a result, the locations of the possible boundaries between different materials or for example thicknesses of different material layers are detected.

Abstract: A method for determining the electrical conductivity of a mass flow in a three dimensional target volume including the steps of placing electrodes in a measuring connection with the target volume; supplying alternating voltage or alternating current to the tar-get volume between two of the electrodes and measuring the current or the voltage between the electrodes; determining a state space model which defines the relationships between the electrical conductivity, the voltage and the current in the target volume and the evolution of the electrical conductivity as a function of time; comparing the currents and/or the voltages according to the state space model with the supplied and the measured ones; and modifying the state space model to decrease any differences. The electrodes are placed substantially within one plane; and the state space model is determined so as to the time-dependent flow field of the mass flow within the target volume.

Abstract: This invention relates to a medical X-ray device arrangement for producing three-dimensional information of an object in a medical X-ray imaging, the medical X-ray device arrangement comprising an X-ray source for X-radiating the object from at least two different directions and a detector for detecting the X-radiation to form projection data of the object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medical X-ray device 5 arrangement for producing three-dimensional information of an object 4 in a medical X-ray imaging medical X-ray device arrangement comprising an X-ray source 2 for X-radiating the object from different directions and a detector 6 for detecting the X-radiation to form projection data of the object 4.

Abstract: This invention relates to a medical X-ray device arrangement for producing three-dimensional information of an object in a medical X-ray imaging, the medical X-ray device arrangement comprising an X-ray source for X-radiating the object from at least two different directions and a detector for detecting the X-radiation to form projection data of the object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medical X-ray device 5 arrangement for producing three-dimensional information of an object 4 in a medical X-ray imaging medical X-ray device arrangement comprising an X-ray source 2 for X-radiating the object from different directions and a detector 6 for detecting the X-radiation to form projection data of the object 4.