Abstract: A synchrocyclotron for extracting charged particles accelerated to an extraction energy includes a magnetic unit comprising N valley sectors and N hill sectors, and configured for creating z-component of a main magnetic characterized by a radial tune of the successive orbits. The synchrocyclotron includes a first instability coil unit and a second instability coil unit configured for creating a field bump of amplitude increasing radially. The amplitude of the field bump may be varied to reach the value of the offset amplitude at the average instability onset radius. The offset amplitude may be the minimal amplitude of the field bump at the average instability onset radius required for sufficiently offsetting the center of the orbit of average instability onset radius to generate a resonance instability to extract the beam of charged particle at the average instability onset radius.

Abstract: A synchrocyclotron for extracting charged particles accelerated to an extraction energy includes a magnetic unit comprising N valley sectors and N hill sectors, and configured for creating z-component of a main magnetic characterized by a radial tune of the successive orbits. The synchrocyclotron includes a first instability coil unit and a second instability coil unit configured for creating a field bump of amplitude increasing radially. The amplitude of the field bump may be varied to reach the value of the offset amplitude at the average instability onset radius. The offset amplitude may be the minimal amplitude of the field bump at the average instability onset radius required for sufficiently offsetting the center of the orbit of average instability onset radius to generate a resonance instability to extract the beam of charged particle at the average instability onset radius.

Abstract: A cyclotron for accelerating a beam of charged particles and extracting the beam. The cyclotron includes a vacuum chamber; a target support element sealed and coupled to the vacuum chamber and including a tubular channel leading to a target; first energy specific extraction kit including a first stripper assembly with a stripper located at a first stripping position for stripping charged particles at a first energy and a second energy specific extraction kit for driving modified charged particles of second energy along a second extraction path towards a target holder, wherein the energy specific extraction kit includes: a second stripper assembly with a stripper located at a second stripping position for stripping charged particles at a second energy and an insert for modifying an orientation of the tubular channel to match the second extraction path such that the modified charged particles of second energy intercept the target holder.

Abstract: A cyclotron for accelerating a beam of charged particles and extracting the beam. The cyclotron includes a vacuum chamber; a target support element sealed and coupled to the vacuum chamber and including a tubular channel leading to a target; first energy specific extraction kit including a first stripper assembly with a stripper located at a first stripping position for stripping charged particles at a first energy and a second energy specific extraction kit for driving modified charged particles of second energy along a second extraction path towards a target holder, wherein the energy specific extraction kit includes: a second stripper assembly with a stripper located at a second stripping position for stripping charged particles at a second energy and an insert for modifying an orientation of the tubular channel to match the second extraction path such that the modified charged particles of second energy intercept the target holder.

Abstract: A cyclotron for accelerating charged particles includes: a first and second superconducting main coils arranged parallel to one another on either side of a median plane; and at least a first and second field bump modules arranged on either side of the median plane, and extending circumferentially over a common azimuthal angle for creating a local magnetic field bump in the main magnetic field. Each of the field bump modules includes at least one superconducting bump coil locally generating a broad magnetic field bump having a bell-shape defined by a first gradient of the z-component in a radial direction, r. Each of the field bump modules further includes at least one superconducting bump shaping unit positioned such as to locally steepen the first gradient produced by the at least one superconducting bump coil, when said at least one superconducting bump shaping unit is activated.

Abstract: An electron accelerator is provided. The electron accelerator comprises a resonant cavity comprising a hollow closed conductor, an electron source configured to inject a beam of electrons, and an RF system. The electron accelerator further comprises a magnet unit, comprising a deflecting magnet. The deflecting magnet is configured to generate a magnetic field in a deflecting chamber in fluid communication with the resonant cavity by a deflecting window. The magnetic field is configured to deflect an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity through the deflecting window along a first radial trajectory in the mid-plane (Pm) and to redirect the electron beam into the resonant cavity through the deflecting window towards the central axis along a second radial trajectory. The deflecting magnet is composed of first and second permanent magnets positioned on either side of the mid-plane (Pm).

Abstract: An electron accelerator comprising a resonant cavity, an electron source, an RF system, and at least one magnet unit is provided. The resonant cavity further comprises a hollow closed conductor and the electron source is configured to radially inject a beam of electrons into the cavity. The RF system is configured to generate an electric field to accelerate the electrons along radial trajectories. The at least one magnet unit further comprises a deflecting magnet configured to generate a magnetic field that deflects an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity along a first radial trajectory and redirects the electron beam into the resonant cavity along a second radial trajectory. The resonant cavity further comprises a first half shell, a second half shell, and a central ring element.

Abstract: An electron accelerator is provided. The electron accelerator comprises a resonant cavity comprising a hollow closed conductor, an electron source configured to inject a beam of electrons, and an RF system. The electron accelerator further comprises a magnet unit, comprising a deflecting magnet. The deflecting magnet is configured to generate a magnetic field in a deflecting chamber in fluid communication with the resonant cavity by a deflecting window. The magnetic field is configured to deflect an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity through the deflecting window along a first radial trajectory in the mid-plane (Pm) and to redirect the electron beam into the resonant cavity through the deflecting window towards the central axis along a second radial trajectory. The deflecting magnet is composed of first and second permanent magnets positioned on either side of the mid-plane (Pm).

Abstract: An electron accelerator comprising a resonant cavity, an electron source, an RF system, and at least one magnet unit is provided. The resonant cavity further comprises a hollow closed conductor and the electron source is configured to radially inject a beam of electrons into the cavity. The RF system is configured to generate an electric field to accelerate the electrons along radial trajectories. The at least one magnet unit further comprises a deflecting magnet configured to generate a magnetic field that deflects an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity along a first radial trajectory and redirects the electron beam into the resonant cavity along a second radial trajectory. The resonant cavity further comprises a first half shell, a second half shell, and a central ring element.