Abstract: A bipolar electrosurgical instrument has first and second clamp members, each comprising an electrically conductive clamping surface, a clamp support and an intermediate electrically insulative spacing layer for joining the clamping surface to the blade support. The first and second clamp members are pivotally joined such that the respective clamping surfaces of each of the first and second clamp members are in facing relation and define a space between the first and second clamp member for capturing tissue. The instrument regulates the space between the first and second clamp member such that only a certain amount of tissue may be captured. The instrument further includes a mechanism for applying a voltage between the metal clamp supports of the first and second clamp members to coaptate the captured tissue.

Abstract: Oxygenation within the brain of a child being born is monitored by light, initially transmitted by a bundle of fiber optics in one channel of a catheter held to the baby's scalp by mild suction, the condition of the brain being monitored via reflected light from the brain transmitted through a light fiber optic bundle in a second channel of the catheter.