Abstract: A nebulizer (10) comprising a housing which defines, a chamber that has an outlet to the chamber for the egress of atomised fluid particles from within the chamber. The nebulizer (10) further including solid substrate (11) within the chamber of the housing. A linear channel (12) being formed in the substrate (11) that has a closed base, opposite side walls and an opening that opens through an upper surface of the substrate (11). A vibration generator (17) being attached to the substrate (11) at a position spaced from the channel (12) for generating high frequency vibration that transmits through the substrate (11) to the channel (12) to atomise fluid within the channel (12). A feeding facility (15) being provided for feeding fluid to the channel (12).

Abstract: A method for shear-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of a layered van der Waals solid (such as graphite, MoS2, BN, or WS2) into a two dimensional material (such as graphene where the original layered van der Waals solid is graphite) can at least partly overcome certain limitations of electrochemical exfoliation techniques with shear-induced effects.