Abstract: A photovoltaic panel is formed by providing a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected by interconnect structures between a front-side insulating sheet extending over the plurality of photovoltaic cells and a backside insulating sheet extending under the plurality of photovoltaic cells, adjoining an edge portion of the front-side insulating sheet to an edge portion of the backside insulating sheet in an adhesion region, and folding at least one of the front-side insulating sheet or the backside insulating sheet over peripheral photovoltaic cells of the plurality of photovoltaic cells.

Abstract: A photovoltaic panel is formed by providing a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected by interconnect structures between a front-side insulating sheet extending over the plurality of photovoltaic cells and a backside insulating sheet extending under the plurality of photovoltaic cells, adjoining an edge portion of the front-side insulating sheet to an edge portion of the backside insulating sheet in an adhesion region, and folding at least one of the front-side insulating sheet or the backside insulating sheet over peripheral photovoltaic cells of the plurality of photovoltaic cells.

Abstract: A solar panel includes a first photovoltaic cell, a second photovoltaic cell, and a flexible electrical connection structure which comprises an electrically conductive connector that electrically connects the first photovoltaic cell and the second photovoltaic cell in series along a connection direction. The electrically conductive connector does not extend from a first major surface of a flexible transparent insulating sheet through a thickness of the flexible transparent insulating sheet to a second major surface of the flexible transparent insulating sheet.

Abstract: A solar panel includes a first photovoltaic cell, a second photovoltaic cell, and a flexible electrical connection structure which comprises an electrically conductive connector that electrically connects the first photovoltaic cell and the second photovoltaic cell in series along a connection direction. The electrically conductive connector does not extend from a first major surface of a flexible transparent insulating sheet through a thickness of the flexible transparent insulating sheet to a second major surface of the flexible transparent insulating sheet.

Abstract: Provided are novel interconnecting strips for electrically connecting building integrable photovoltaic (BIPV) modules in a photovoltaic array. An interconnecting strip can be provided between a building structure and the BIPV modules, with electrical connections established by lowering the modules onto the strip previously positioned on the structure. The strip can includes two or more terminal groups aligned with different rows of BIPV modules. Each terminal group includes two or more connector terminals for connecting to the modules in that row. The interconnecting strip also includes leads extending between terminal groups and connecting connector terminals of different groups. In certain embodiments, terminal groups are offset with respect to adjacent groups to align with BIPV modules that are similarly offset to provide a moisture barrier. The interconnecting strip may be reconfigured in the field to provide different electrical connection schemes among BIPV modules.

Abstract: Provided are novel interconnecting strips for electrically connecting building integrable photovoltaic (BIPV) modules in a photovoltaic array. An interconnecting strip can be provided between a building structure and the BIPV modules, with electrical connections established by lowering the modules onto the strip previously positioned on the structure. The strip can includes two or more terminal groups aligned with different rows of BIPV modules. Each terminal group includes two or more connector terminals for connecting to the modules in that row. The interconnecting strip also includes leads extending between terminal groups and connecting connector terminals of different groups. In certain embodiments, terminal groups are offset with respect to adjacent groups to align with BIPV modules that are similarly offset to provide a moisture barrier. The interconnecting strip may be reconfigured in the field to provide different electrical connection schemes among BIPV modules.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module according to the present invention comprises a transparent and flexible light-facing front layer, a non-light facing rear encapsulating layer, a plurality of interconnected photovoltaic cells disposed between the front layer and the back layer, a sealing compound, and wherein the transparent flexible front layer extends around and folds behind the back layer to form a seal behind the photovoltaic module, further wherein the seal comprises a sealing compound.

Abstract: Automated testing of solar panel modules employs a gantry system to continuously transfer modules in and out of a workstation where the modules undergo solar simulation current voltage testing and high voltage safety measurements. The gantry system includes a carriage and a clamp device that is adopted to receive and secure the perimeter of each module, which has a positive and negative junction box, located on its back side and contact pins are inserted into the junction boxes during testing. The clamp has an electrically conductive inner perimeter that engages the corresponding outer perimeter of module. High voltage testing determines the level of current leakage between the interior and exterior of the module. A takt time of fifteen seconds or better is achieved.

Abstract: Provided are low profile, water-resistant and touch safe electrical connectors for solar modules. According to various embodiments, the electrical connectors include a low-profile conductive stud, a low-profile sheath that surrounds the stud, and a socket to mate with the stud. According to various embodiments, the sheath and socket mate via keyed inter-engageable features. Also according to certain embodiments, the socket is fastened to the stud and/or sheath via snap fastening.

Abstract: Provided herein are improved methods of laser scribing photovoltaic structures to form monolithically integrated photovoltaic modules. The methods involve forming P1, P2 or P3 scribes by an ablative scribing mechanism having low melting, and in certain embodiments, substantially no melting. In certain embodiments, the methods involve generating an ablation shockwave at an interface of the film to be removed and the underlying layer. The film is then removed by mechanical shock. According to various embodiments, the ablation shockwave is generated by using a laser beam having a wavelength providing an optical penetration depth on the order of the film thickness and a minimum threshold intensity. In some embodiments, photovoltaic materials can be scribed using picosecond pulse widths and certain wavelength and laser fluence levels.

Abstract: Provided are low profile, water-resistant and touch safe electrical connectors for solar modules. According to various embodiments, the electrical connectors include a low-profile conductive stud, a low-profile sheath that surrounds the stud, and a socket to mate with the stud. According to various embodiments, the sheath and socket mate via keyed inter-engageable features. Also according to certain embodiments, the socket is fastened to the stud and/or sheath via snap fastening.

Abstract: Provided are low profile, water-resistant and touch safe electrical connectors for solar modules. According to various embodiments, the electrical connectors include a low-profile conductive stud, a low-profile sheath that surrounds the stud, and a socket to mate with the stud. According to various embodiments, the sheath and socket mate via keyed inter-engageable features. Also according to certain embodiments, the socket is fastened to the stud and/or sheath via snap fastening.

Abstract: Provided are novel solar modules including electrically isolated moisture barriers. According to various embodiments, the solar modules include two distinct seals: one to electrically isolate the moisture barrier and one to protect photovoltaic cells of the module. Also provided are novel back sheets for solar module encapsulation, and novel solar modules including such back sheets. According to various embodiments, the back sheets are ungrounded and flexible. In certain embodiments, the back sheets include an integrated flexible and electrically isolated moisture barrier. The electrically isolated moisture barrier may be a thin metallic sheet, e.g., an aluminum foil. The electrically isolated, flexible moisture barrier eliminates the need for grounding.

Abstract: Provided are low profile, water-resistant and touch safe safe electrical connectors for solar modules. According to various embodiments, the electrical connectors include a low-profile conductive stud, a low-profile sheath that surrounds the stud, and a socket to mate with the stud. According to various embodiments, the sheath and socket mate via keyed inter-engageable features. Also according to certain embodiments, the socket is fastened to the stud and/or sheath via snap fastening.

Abstract: Provided are novel back sheets for solar module encapsulation. According to various embodiments, the back sheets are ungrounded and flexible. In certain embodiments, the back sheets include an integrated flexible and electrically isolated moisture barrier. The electrically isolated moisture barrier may be a thin metallic sheet, e.g., an aluminum foil. The electrically isolated, flexible moisture barrier eliminates the need for grounding.

Abstract: Provided are low profile, water-resistant and touch safe safe electrical connectors for solar modules. According to various embodiments, the electrical connectors include a low-profile conductive stud, a low-profile sheath that surrounds the stud, and a socket to mate with the stud. According to various embodiments, the sheath and socket mate via keyed inter-engageable features. Also according to certain embodiments, the socket is fastened to the stud and/or sheath via snap fastening.

Abstract: Systems having an in-line microwave heater to heat fluids for processing a substrate are provided. An embodiment of a system includes a microelectronic processing chamber, a reservoir for storing a fluid used to process wafers within the chamber, a supply line for transporting the fluid to the chamber, and a microwave heater arranged along the supply line. The system includes processor executable program instructions for operating the microwave heater at parameters configured to heat fluid within the supply line to a temperature greater than a fluid temperature within the reservoir, such as approximately 20° C. greater than the reservoir fluid temperature. It is noted that the inclusion of an in-line microwave heater is not limited to microelectronic fabrication systems, but may be used for any system in which heated fluids are used for processing a substrate, such as but not limited to electroplating or electroless plating systems.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for processing photovoltaic cell metallic substrates to remove various surface defects. In certain embodiments, a thin stainless steel foil is polished using a proposed method leading to a substantial, e.g., twice or more, increase in its surface gloss. In certain embodiments, a method in accordance with the present invention involves contacting a substrate surface with a fixed-abrasive filament roller brush. The brush may be a close-wound coil brush. The brush includes filaments carrying 5-20 micrometer abrasive particles that are permanently fixed in the brush filaments, for example a polymer base material, such as nylon. The particles may be made of silicon carbide and/or other abrasive materials. In certain embodiments, a substrate surface is polished using a series of roller brushes, at least two of which rotate in different directions with respect to that surface.

Abstract: Provided are novel back sheets for solar module encapsulation. According to various embodiments, the back sheets are ungrounded and flexible. In certain embodiments, the back sheets include an integrated flexible and electrically isolated moisture barrier and a seal around the edge of the moisture barrier. The electrically isolated moisture barrier may be a thin metallic sheet, e.g., an aluminum foil. The electrically isolated, flexible moisture barrier eliminates the need for grounding.

Abstract: A semiconductor system includes: providing a dielectric layer; providing a conductor in the dielectric layer, the conductor exposed at the top of the dielectric layer; capping the exposed conductor; and modifying the surface of the dielectric layer, modifying the surface of the dielectric layer, wherein modifying the surface includes cleaning conductor ions from the dielectric layer by dissolving the conductor in a low pH solution, dissolving the dielectric layer under the conductor ions, mechanically enhanced cleaning, or chemisorbing a hydrophobic layer on the dielectric layer.