Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to produce high purity strontium sulfate and strontium carbonate from subterranean brines. The present disclosure also relates to chemical precipitations of subterranean brines to isolate strontium from divalent cations, such as calcium and barium. Such precipitations include the use of sulfate and subsequent solids separations and washing of the precipitate. In a latter step in the strontium carbonate process, a metathesis reaction with a carbonate is performed upon the strontium sulfate to produce strontium carbonate while allowing optional recycling of the sulfate. An additional rinse with acid or water of the strontium sulfate may be performed prior to metathesis to increase the purity of the resulting strontium carbonate.

Abstract: Methods for clarifying wastewater using electrocoagulation with plasma discharge is provided. The methods include contacting fluid within a reactor with at least one plasma producing electrode; applying electrical energy to the plasma producing electrode sufficient to generate plasma discharge in the fluid; generating plasma discharge in the fluid simultaneously with electrocoagulation of the fluid by electrochemically reacting the plasma producing electrode with the fluid; and initiating flocculent formation in the fluid from at least one of the plasma discharge and electrocoagulation in the fluid. The invention is also directed to clarified fluid produced by such methods.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for clarifying wastewater using electrocoagulation with plasma discharge is provided. The apparatus includes a reactor with a hollow interior accommodating a volume of wastewater for treatment, and electrodes contacting or at least partially submerged in the wastewater. Electrical energy is supplied to the electrodes, such as three-phase AC power, of sufficient levels to generate plasma discharge from the electrodes and within the wastewater. Electrocoagulation occurs concurrent with the plasma discharge. A system including at least one reactor is a flow-through system, and may have a recirculation loop for recirculating wastewater for additional passes of treatment. A pump(s) and series of valves control the movement of wastewater through the system, and a control panel may be included to direct the operation of various components of the system. The control panel may also include a user interface for information display, input by an operator, and automation.

Abstract: A filtration system with a filter out of which filtered medium exits are provided. The system includes a control panel that receives pressure and flow rate information of the medium and uses the pressure information to send a first signal to prevent a pressure differential of the medium from exceeding a first set point yet maintain filtration of the medium. The control panel uses the flow rate information to send a second signal to prevent the flow rate of the medium from exceeding a second set point yet maintain filtration of the medium. An actuated flow control valve is present that opens at different amounts, and the medium flows through the actuated flow control valve.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for clarifying wastewater using electrocoagulation with plasma discharge is provided. The apparatus includes a reactor with a hollow interior accommodating a volume of wastewater for treatment, and electrodes contacting or at least partially submerged in the wastewater. Electrical energy is supplied to the electrodes, such as three-phase AC power, of sufficient levels to generate plasma discharge from the electrodes and within the wastewater. Electrocoagulation occurs concurrent with the plasma discharge. A system including at least one reactor is a flow-through system, and may have a recirculation loop for recirculating wastewater for additional passes of treatment. A pump(s) and series of valves control the movement of wastewater through the system, and a control panel may be included to direct the operation of various components of the system. The control panel may also include a user interface for information display, input by an operator, and automation.

Abstract: A filtration system with a filter out of which filtered medium exits is provided. The system includes a control panel that receives pressure and flow rate information of the medium and uses the pressure information to send a first signal to prevent a pressure differential of the medium from exceeding a first set point yet maintain filtration of the medium. The control panel uses the flow rate information to send a second signal to prevent the flow rate of the medium from exceeding a second set point yet maintain filtration of the medium. An actuated flow control valve is present that opens at different amounts, and the medium flows through the actuated flow control valve.

Abstract: A system for electrocoagulation is provided that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, or a plurality thereof. Three phase AC power is provided to the electrodes such that a first phase of the three phase AC power is supplied to the first electrode, a second phase to the second electrode, and a third phase to the third electrode. In some arrangements the three phase AC power has variable frequency and variable voltage. Also provided is an adjustment mechanism that can allow the positioning of each of the electrodes to be adjusted relative to other electrodes in the system.

Abstract: A system for the treatment of water is provided that may include an oil water separation stage and a photoelectrocatalytic oxidation stage may use ultraviolet light and a photoactive electrode to oxidize at least some of the contaminants and destroy microorganisms in the water. A carbon adsorption stage may also be present that removes residual organic contaminants of the contaminants from the water.