Abstract: An electrical heating cable with a first power supply conductor, a second power supply conductor, and a third power supply conductor. Each of the first, second and third power supply conductors extend along a length of the cable. The electrical heating cable also includes an electrically conductive heating element body, wherein the first, second and third power supply conductors are electrically coupled to each other via the electrically conductive heating element body. The second power supply conductor is provided with a layer of electrically insulating material which covers only a part of a surface of the second power supply conductor. The layer is provided between the surface of the second power supply conductor and the electrically conductive heating element body.

Abstract: An electrical heating cable with a first power supply conductor, a second power supply conductor, and a third power supply conductor. Each of the first, second and third power supply conductors extend along a length of the cable. The electrical heating cable also includes an electrically conductive heating element body, wherein the first, second and third power supply conductors are electrically coupled to each other via the electrically conductive heating element body. The second power supply conductor is provided with a layer of electrically insulating material which covers only a part of a surface of the second power supply conductor. The layer is provided between the surface of the second power supply conductor and the electrically conductive heating element body.

Abstract: An electrical heater comprising; a first conductor, a second conductor, and a heating element disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor, wherein the heating element comprises an electrically conductive material distributed within a first electrically insulating material, wherein the first electrically insulating material is an ethylene acetate or ethylene acrylate copolymer, and wherein the electrical heater comprises a stack, the first conductor, the second conductor and the heating element comprising layers of the stack.

Abstract: An electrical heater comprising; a first conductor, a second conductor, and a fluoropolymer heating element disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor, and a temperature regulation element disposed between the fluoropolymer heating element and the second conductor, wherein the fluoropolymer heating element comprises an electrically conductive material distributed within a fluoropolymer, and wherein the electrical heater comprises a stack, the first conductor, the second conductor, the fluoropolymer heating element, and the temperature regulation element comprising layers of the stack.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a self-regulating electrical heating cable comprising: a first power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; a second power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; a third power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; the first and second power supply conductors being in electrical connection with each other via a first electrically conductive heating element body having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, and the second and third power supply conductors being in electrical connection with each other via a second electrically conductive heating element body having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, and wherein, in use, the first, second and third power supply conductors are not physically connected to one another.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a compound material. The compound material includes a mixture of an electrically conductive material and an electrically insulative material. The conductive material is aligned within the compound material, such that the resistivity of the compound material in a first direction is different from the resistivity of the compound material in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A material comprises: a first component having a first positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic; and a second component having a second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic, the second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic being different from the first positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic, the proportions of the two components being such that the material has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic which is a combination of the first and second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristics of the first and second components.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a self-regulating electrical heating cable comprising: a first power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; a second power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; a third power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; the first and second power supply conductors being in electrical connection with each other via a first electrically conductive heating element body having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, and the second and third power supply conductors being in electrical connection with each other via a second electrically conductive heating element body having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, and wherein, in use, the first, second and third power supply conductors are not physically connected to one another.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the control of heating cables are described. A first heating cable assembly includes a heating cable, a heater regulator for connection electrically in series between the heating cable and a voltage source. The heater regulator comprises a material having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance such that in use the voltage across the heating cable is dependent upon the temperature of the heater regulator. A second heating cable assembly includes a heating cable having a resistive heating element, a material having a positive temperature coefficient resistance for controlling the heat output from the heating cable, and a cold start limiter element comprising a material having a negative temperature coefficient of resistance for connection electrically in series with the heating element and a voltage source.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a compound material. The compound material includes a mixture of an electrically conductive material and an electrically insulative material. The conductive material is aligned within the compound material, such that the resistivity of the compound material in a first direction is different from the resistivity of the compound material in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A series resistance heating cable comprises a heating element extending longitudinally along the cable. The element comprises a material having a positive temperature coefficient.

Abstract: A material comprises: a first component having a first positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic; and a second component having a second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic, the second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic being different from the first positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic, the proportions of the two components being such that the material has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic which is a combination of the first and second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristics of the first and second components.

Abstract: A conduit comprising a pipe, an electrical heater extending along the length of the pipe, and a thermally insulating jacket extending around the pipe and heater. The pipe comprises a plastic inner tube. The plastic inner tube is received within a deformable metal tube such that the plastics inner tube and deformable metal tube form a composite double-walled structure.