Abstract: A method of synthesizing indole compounds. The method may include allyllating an indole compound, oxidizing the resulting ?-indolepropene, and reductively aminating the resulting indoleacetaldehyde, providing a tryptamine. The indole compound may be substituted with a functional group on the indole ring or may be unsubstituted indole. The method may include substitution, oxidation or other derivatization of the indole ring of the indole compound, of tryptophan, of the tryptamine, or of intermediates. The method may include oxidizing tryptophan or a ring-substituted tryptophan analogue and reductively aminating the resulting indoleacetaldehyde, providing a tryptamine. The method may be applied in a telescoped approach without isolation of intermediates. The method may be applied to production of indoles, ?-indolepropenes, indole propyl diols, indoleacetaldehydes and tryptamines. Compounds from each of these classes of compounds are also provided herein.

Abstract: A method for refining lithium from a crude brine includes charging a crude brine into a feeder tank held at a temperature T1 and containing a sufficient carbonate source to precipitate all carbonate-forming solids in the crude brine to form a precipitate mixture and a crystal free supernatant; pumping the crystal free supernatant from the feeder tank to a first crystallization reactor that is held at a temperature T2 to crystallize a lithium carbonate salt out of the crystal free supernatant; wherein the temperature T1 is lower than the temperature T2; and controlling a flow rate to maintain a steady state concentration of the lithium carbonate salt in the solution phase of the crystallization reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to perfluoroalkyl chiral auxiliary compounds and methods of manufacture. These compounds have the functionality to effectively support the synthesis of chiral compounds in single reactions, high-throughput parallel reactions, or combinatorial reactions The invention relates to two oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries (1) and (2): wherein Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having the general formula (CH2)x—CyF2y+1 where x=1-5 and y=4-10 and wherein B is an unfunctionalized aryl, alkyl or arylalkyl group in a preferred embodiment, x=2 and y=6 and B is derived from unfunctionalized amino acids The amino acids may be from either the D- or L-series, and are preferably enantiomerically pure or in very high enantiomeric excess in either configuration.