Abstract: Method for producing arrays of free standing, three dimensional structures on material surfaces by establishing contact with a template, moving the template and the surface in contact relative to one another, inducing an increase in viscosity such that the structures are self-supported, and removing the template, leaving a negative of the template geometry at the tip of the object.

Abstract: Metal substrates comprising a colored coating and/or a protective coating disposed on at least a surface of the substrate. The colored coating can include a metal oxide coating integrally bonded to the terminal and produced by heat tinting or a titanium nitride containing material. The protective coating is derived from a material comprising one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, a superhydrophobic material, wherein the protective coating has a Scratch Resistance of at least about F, as determined by ASTM D336. Methods of making and using the coated metal substrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described for transparent glass composite having nanoparticles therein that scintillate in the presence of nuclear radiation, particularly gamma rays, but also x-rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons. The transparent glass composites can be prepared by a melt/cool process to produce the transparent glass composite. The wavelength of light emitted by the transparent glass composite can be tailored based on the materials used to make the glass composite. A detector that utilizes the transparent glass composite can measure nuclear radiation from numerous sources.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described for transparent glass composite having nanoparticles therein that scintillate in the presence of nuclear radiation, particularly gamma rays, but also x-rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons. The transparent glass composites can be prepared by a melt/cool process to produce the transparent glass composite. The wavelength of light emitted by the transparent glass composite can be tailored based on the materials used to make the glass composite. A detector that utilizes the transparent glass composite can measure nuclear radiation from numerous sources.