Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an alkylation unit. The alkylation unit can include at least one alkylation reaction zone having an alkylation catalyst, at least one cooler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone, a settler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone and the at least one cooler, a fractionation zone receiving an effluent from the settler passing through a line, and a boot coupled to a substantially horizontal portion of the line. Generally, the boot receives an effluent portion rich in the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an alkylation unit. The alkylation unit can include at least one alkylation reaction zone having an alkylation catalyst, at least one cooler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone, a settler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone and the at least one cooler, a fractionation zone receiving an effluent from the settler passing through a line, and a boot coupled to a substantially horizontal portion of the line. Generally, the boot receives an effluent portion rich in the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an alkylation unit. The alkylation unit can include at least one alkylation reaction zone having an alkylation catalyst, at least one cooler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone, a settler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone and the at least one cooler, a fractionation zone receiving an effluent from the settler passing through a line, and a boot coupled to a substantially horizontal portion of the line. Generally, the boot receives an effluent portion rich in the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: Methods of oligomerizing hydrocarbons are disclosed. These methods include contacting olefins with an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization zone under oligomerization reaction conditions.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an alkylation unit. The alkylation unit can include at least one alkylation reaction zone having an alkylation catalyst, at least one cooler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone, a settler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone and the at least one cooler, a fractionation zone receiving an effluent from the settler passing through a line, and a boot coupled to a substantially horizontal portion of the line. Generally, the boot receives an effluent portion rich in the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: Methods of oligomerizing hydrocarbons are disclosed. These methods include contacting olefins with an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization zone under oligomerization reaction conditions.

Abstract: A method of making a composition, said method comprising, spraying a substance comprising platinum and iron into or onto an alumina-containing compound is disclosed. The resulting composition can then be used in a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with free oxygen.

Abstract: A method of making a composition, said method comprising, spraying a substance comprising platinum and iron into or onto an alumina-containing compound is disclosed. The resulting composition can then be used in a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with free oxygen.

Abstract: A method of making a composition, said method comprising, spraying a substance comprising platinum and iron into or onto an alumina-containing compound is disclosed. The resulting composition can then be used in a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with free oxygen.

Abstract: The attrition resistance of sorbent compositions are enhanced by acid-treating the perlite component of the sorbent. The efficiency of making a promoter metal-containing sorbent composition is enhanced using a novel method for incorporating the promoter metal into the sorbent.

Abstract: A composition comprising a metal oxide and a promoter, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter, and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A method of making a composition, said method comprising, spraying a substance comprising platinum and iron into or onto an alumina-containing compound is disclosed. The resulting composition can then be used in a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with free oxygen.

Abstract: Attrition resistant, sorbent compositions for the removal of elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides, from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promoter such as nickel, nickel oxide or a precursor of nickel oxide followed by reduction of the valence of the promoter metal in the resulting promoter metal sorbent support composition. Also disclosed is a composition comprising desulfurized, cracked-gasoline wherein the desulfurized cracked-gasoline comprises less than about 1 ppmw thiol compounds and less than about 1 ppmw tetrahydrothiophene compounds.

Abstract: A composition comprising a promoter and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of a gallium oxide, an indium oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A composition comprising a metal oxide, a silica-containing material, a gallium-containing material, an aluminum-containing material, and a promoter, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced-valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A composition comprising manganese oxide and a promoter, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A composition comprising a promoter and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of a cerium oxide, a scandium oxide, a lanthanum oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: The attrition resistance of sorbent compositions are enhanced by acid-treating the perlite component of the sorbent. The efficiency of making a promoter metal-containing sorbent composition is enhanced using a novel method for incorporating the promoter metal into the sorbent.

Abstract: Attrition resistant, sorbent compositions for the removal of elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides, from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promoter such as nickel, nickel oxide or a precursor of nickel oxide followed by reduction of the valence of the promoter metal in the resulting promoter metal sorbent support composition.

Abstract: A desulfurization system employing fluidizable and circulatable finely divided solid sorbent particulates that are transported between reactor, regenerator, and reducer vessels. Agglomeration of the sorbent particulates is minimized and circulation of the sorbent particulates is enhanced by controlling the location at which the sorbent particulates are withdrawn from the reducer.