Abstract: Examples of FMCW laser radar systems and methods described herein may segment the processing of a broader bandwidth frequency chirp into multiple shorter-duration (e.g., lower bandwidth) frequency chirps. This segmentation may have the benefits in some examples of improving the measurement duty cycle and range resolution, and/or allowing for more flexible processing, and/or enabling improved detection of more distant objects.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Examples are provided where high-closed-loop bandwidth, active feedback applied to laser frequency chirps may provide increases in the free-running laser coherence length for long-range FMCW distance measurements. Examples are provided that use an asymmetric sideband generator within an active feedback loop for higher closed-loop bandwidth. Examples of using a single shared reference interferometer within multiple active feedback loops that may be used for increasing the coherence length of multiple chirped lasers are described. Example calibrators are also described.

Abstract: Examples of FMCW laser radar systems and methods described herein may segment the processing of a broader bandwidth frequency chirp into multiple shorter-duration (e.g., lower bandwidth) frequency chirps. This segmentation may have the benefits in some examples of improving the measurement duty cycle and range resolution, and/or allowing for more flexible processing, and/or enabling improved detection of more distant objects.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Examples are provided where high-closed-loop bandwidth, active feedback applied to laser frequency chirps may provide increases in the free-running laser coherence length for long-range FMCW distance measurements. Examples are provided that use an asymmetric sideband generator within an active feedback loop for higher closed-loop bandwidth. Examples of using a single shared reference interferometer within multiple active feedback loops that may be used for increasing the coherence length of multiple chirped lasers are described. Example calibrators are also described.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a system and method for selectively removing metals from a metal containing substance, and more particularly to a method and system for selectively extracting metals from fly ash with one or more of an acidic extraction process, basic extraction process, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scC02) and a co-solvent extraction process. Moreover, bi-products from an industrial process, e.g., coal fired plant, may be utilized in the extraction processes.

Abstract: An infrared laser has a seed laser with an optical seed output. A pump amplifier receives the optical seed output and has an amplified output. A molecular gas laser receives the amplified output and has an infrared optical output.

Abstract: A broad bandwidth optical amplifier (50) includes an optical pump source (52). A Raman chamber (56) is coupled to an output (54) of the optical pump source (52). An optical fiber ring (62) having a first end (64) is coupled to a first end (66) of the Raman chamber (56). A second end (60) of the optical fiber is coupled to a second end (58) of the Raman chamber (56). A doped optical fiber is coupled to a second end of the optical fiber ring. The Raman chamber produces a number resonant Raman stokes lines.

Abstract: A broad bandwidth optical amplifier (50) includes an optical pump source (52). A Raman chamber (56) is coupled to an output (54) of the optical pump source (52). An optical fiber ring (62) having a first end (64) is coupled to a first end (66) of the Raman chamber (56). A second end (60) of the optical fiber is coupled to a second end (58) of the Raman chamber (56). A doped optical fiber is coupled to a second end of the optical fiber ring. The Raman chamber produces a number resonant Raman stokes lines.