Abstract: A nutraceutical composition includes a synergistic combination of tagatose and allulose for improving glycemic control in people with diabetes and prediabetes, as well as those at risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The combination is supplemented with an agent that reduces gastrointestinal discomfort, and optionally includes vitamins, minerals, and/or other dietary ingredients. The nutraceutical composition is preferably administered before meals to people with diabetes, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, or anyone who wishes to reduce development of insulin resistance. Therapeutic benefits include a reduction of one or more of average blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, A1C percentages, hyperglycemic episodes, body weight, and time spent outside of a normal blood sugar range.

Abstract: Methods and pharmaceutical compositions are described for treating a variety of chronic human afflictions including anxiety disorders, eating disorders, chronic pain, depression, addictive disorders, dementia (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body disorder, and vascular dementia), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and mild cognitive impairment. A sub-hallucinogenic dose of a psychedelic tryptamine, including for example psilacetin and psilocybin, along with a low dose of D-cycloserine are administered to human subjects in order to modify neural pathways to treat the chronic affliction.

Abstract: Herein we describe barrel-cleaning cartridges which can be loaded into a firearm and then fired to perform the task of cleaning the barrel of said firearm. The barrel-cleaning cartridges include a propellant, a flexible textile that assumes a general cup shape within the cartridge, and a particulate obturating media, some of which is encircled by the flexible textile. These components combine to form a good gas seal and to clean the barrel of a firearm, including elements of the barrel having variations in diameter. The obturating media comprises particles having an average particle size greater than 212 microns, and an average specific gravity greater than 1.1, and a hardness of less than 7 on the Mohs scale.

Abstract: Herein we describe cartridges, including for shotgun shells, utilizing a particulate obturating medium to provide a gas seal. The obturating medium comprises particles having an average particle size greater than 212 microns, and an average specific gravity greater than 1.1. Such cartridges are particularly useful as shotshell cartridges used as blanks, less lethal loads, hunting loads, target loads, and barrel-cleaning loads. Methods for loading and use are described, as well as different particulate obturating media.

Abstract: Herein we describe cartridges, including for shotgun shells, utilizing a particulate obturating medium to provide a gas seal. The obturating medium comprises particles having an average particle size greater than 212 microns, and an average specific gravity greater than 1.1. Such cartridges are particularly useful as shotshell cartridges used as blanks, less lethal loads, hunting loads, target loads, and barrel-cleaning loads. Methods for loading and use are described, as well as different particulate obturating media.

Abstract: The disclosure describes methods and compositions for reducing the duration of hyperglycemia and treating diabetes and complications thereof. A human subject with hyperglycemia is administered insulin, a water-based beverage, and a sodium salt formulation sufficient to accelerate said subject's return to a non-hyperglycemic state. This process can be repeated multiple times within a given time period.

Abstract: Herein we describe embodiments of shotgun shells, methods for loading such shotgun shells, and methods for using them. In some embodiments, the shotgun shells utilize a multi-component wad system with a biodegradable powder wad that stays intact through the firing process, and a separate and chemically distinct biodegradable shot wad that breaks apart within one meter after being shot out of the barrel of a shotgun. A clean release of the shot can be obtained, providing both high performance and biodegradability. The biodegradable shot wad can be a biodegradable polyester.

Abstract: Herein we describe embodiments of a biodegradable wad having a gas sealing function, as well as methods for their use. In some embodiments, the biodegradable wad comprises at least 50% by weight of a poly(butylene succinate co-adipate) polymer. In some embodiments, the biodegradable wad comprises at least two biodegradable polymers, wherein a first biodegradable polymer comprises a polybutylene succinate adipate polymer and a second biodegradable polymer comprises a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer. Plastic debris has a negative economic and ecological impact, and thus it is advantageous to use implements that will degrade into environmentally benign compounds. Incorporating a biodegradable wad into shotgun shells provides an effective, economical solution, provided cost is acceptable and performance is not compromised. Suitable shotgun shells utilizing biodegradable shotgun wads and methods are described herein.

Abstract: Herein we describe embodiments of shotgun shells, methods for loading such shotgun shells, and methods for using them. In some embodiments, the shotgun shells utilize a multi-component wad system with a biodegradable powder wad that stays intact through the firing process, and a separate and chemically distinct biodegradable shot wad that breaks apart within one meter after being shot out of the barrel of a shotgun. A clean release of the shot can be obtained, providing both high performance and biodegradability. The biodegradable shot wad can be a biodegradable polyester.

Abstract: Herein we describe embodiments of shotgun shells, methods for loading such shotgun shells, and methods for using them. In some embodiments, the shotgun shells utilize a multi-component wad system with a biodegradable powder wad that stays intact through the firing process, and a separate and chemically distinct biodegradable shot wad that breaks apart within one meter after being shot out of the barrel of a shotgun. A clean release of the shot can be obtained, providing both high performance and biodegradability. The biodegradable shot wad can be a biodegradable polyester.

Abstract: Herein we describe embodiments of a biodegradable wad having a gas sealing function, as well as methods for their use. In some embodiments, the biodegradable wad comprises at least 50% by weight of a poly(butylene succinate co-adipate) polymer. In some embodiments, the biodegradable wad comprises at least two biodegradable polymers, wherein a first biodegradable polymer comprises a polybutylene succinate adipate polymer and a second biodegradable polymer comprises a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer. Plastic debris has a negative economic and ecological impact, and thus it is advantageous to use implements that will degrade into environmentally benign compounds. Incorporating a biodegradable wad into shotgun shells provides an effective, economical solution, provided cost is acceptable and performance is not compromised. Suitable shotgun shells utilizing biodegradable shotgun wads and methods are described herein.

Abstract: Herein we describe embodiments of shotgun shells, methods for loading such shotgun shells, and methods for using them. In some embodiments, the shotgun shells utilize a multi-component wad system with a biodegradable powder wad that stays intact through the firing process, and a separate and chemically distinct biodegradable shot wad that breaks apart within one meter after being shot out of the barrel of a shotgun. A clean release of the shot can be obtained, providing both high performance and biodegradability. The biodegradable shot wad can be a biodegradable polyester.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for treating dementia, including mild cognitive impairment, via administration of D-cycloserine, or a prodrug thereof, on a tolerance-inhibiting basis. Specifically, by administering D-cycloserine on a tolerance-inhibiting basis, tolerance to D-cycloserine is less likely than would occur via daily administration, enhancing benefits and reducing costs and side effects. Pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment of dementia are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and kits are described for accelerating an aged appearance in indido-dyed denim garments. A high concentration of cellulase enzymes is used to treat denim garments such as blue jeans, followed by a washing step and an abrasion step, followed by repetition of the cycle. This process can be performed at home in standard washing machines, and provides consumers with an alternative approach to customizing their denim garments.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for treating dementia, including mild cognitive impairment, via administration of D-cycloserine, or a prodrug thereof, on a tolerance-inhibiting basis. Specifically, by administering D-cycloserine on a tolerance-inhibiting basis, tolerance to D-cycloserine is less likely than would occur via daily administration, enhancing benefits and reducing costs and side effects. Pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment of dementia are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and compositions for alleviating medical afflictions for which anxiety may cause or exacerbate the affliction. A subject suffering from the affliction is treated with a combination of a pharmaceutical compound that enhances learning, and a second pharmaceutical recognized to be useful for treatment of the affliction, wherein D-cycloserine is the pharmaceutical compound that enhances learning. Representative afflictions include pain, mood disorders, anxiety disorders including performance anxiety, insomnia, female sexual dysfunction, chronic fatigue, autism spectrum disorders, fibromyalgia, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and compositions for treating fear of medical procedures comprising administering proglumide to a patient having fear of medical procedures, followed by subjecting the patient to the fear-inducing medical procedure. Representative examples of fear of medical procedures that can be treated according to the methods and compositions described herein include: dental phobia, fear of needles, fear of surgery, and fear of childbirth.

Abstract: Devices and methods useful for enhancing respiration quality in humans are described herein. In particular, the present invention relates to devices and methods useful for the treatment, prevention, and/or management of respiratory disorders and associated complications. Herein, a training device is described that increases the difficulty of nasal breathing.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and compositions for alleviating recurrent medical afflictions for which anxiety may cause or exacerbate the affliction. A subject suffering from the affliction is treated with a combination of a pharmaceutical that enhances learning, and a second pharmaceutical recognized to be useful for treatment of the affliction. Representative afflictions include insomnia, erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, neuropathic pain, attention deficit disorder, and depression.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and compositions for alleviating medical afflictions for which anxiety may cause or exacerbate the affliction. A subject suffering from the affliction is treated with a combination of a pharmaceutical compound that enhances learning, and a second pharmaceutical recognized to be useful for treatment of the affliction, wherein D-cycloserine is the pharmaceutical compound that enhances learning. Representative afflictions include pain, mood disorders, anxiety disorders including performance anxiety, insomnia, female sexual dysfunction, chronic fatigue, autism spectrum disorders, fibromyalgia, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.