Abstract: A modulator material layer includes a polymer matrix formed of a plurality of cross-linked polymer molecules and a plurality of droplets of liquid crystals within the polymer matrix. A planar macrocycle dye is dispersed within the plurality of droplets of liquid crystals. The planar macrocycle dye can include one or more of a phthalocanine, a porphyrin, a naphthalocyanine, a metallophthalocyanine, a metalloporphyrin, or a metallonaphthalocyanine.

Abstract: A modulator material layer includes a polymer matrix formed of a plurality of cross-linked polymer molecules and a plurality of droplets of liquid crystals within the polymer matrix. A planar macrocycle dye is dispersed within the plurality of droplets of liquid crystals. The planar macrocycle dye can include one or more of a phthalocanine, a porphyrin, a naphthalocyanine, a metallophthalocyanine, a metalloporphyrin, or a metallonaphthalocyanine.

Abstract: In particular embodiments, a computer server may receive information regarding an event proposal from an event organizer, where the information includes an identification of multiple invitees, and where the information is missing one or more significant details of the event proposal. The computer server may send the information regarding the event proposal to one or more client devices, where each of the client devices is associated with one of the invitees. The computer server may receive feedback regarding the event proposal from at least one of the invitees, and based on the received feedback, the computer server may determine at least one of the missing significant details of the event proposal. The computer server may send information regarding final details of an event based on the event proposal to one or more of the client devices associated with the invitees.

Abstract: A control server provides access and authorization control by: receiving an access request (including a resource identifier and a recipient device identifier) from a sender device; obtaining sender authorization data identifying a sender account corresponding to the sender device; retrieving an access server identifier corresponding to the resource identifier, and destination authorization data identifying a destination account corresponding to the access server identifier; sending a first authorization request (including the sender and destination authorization data) to an authorization server; receiving and storing a token from the authorization server; receiving an access confirmation message from the recipient device; responsive to the access confirmation message, transmitting a second authorization request (including the token) to the authorization server; and responsive to an authorization confirmation message from the authorization server, sending an access instruction (including the resource identifie

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include computerized methods, systems, and devices, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for device authentication. For example, the resource device may generate and maintain master access tokens, which may be transmitted to a computing system. The computing system may receive, from a device of an owner of the resource device, data granting a client device limited access to the resource device in accordance with various access restrictions. The computing system may generate and provide to the client device a limited version of the master access token that specifies the access restrictions. The client device may present the local access token to the resource device over a direct wireless connection, and the resource device may verify the token and grant the requested access without communication with the computing system.

Abstract: In particular embodiments, a computer server may receive information regarding an event proposal from an event organizer, where the information includes an identification of multiple invitees, and where the information is missing one or more significant details of the event proposal. The computer server may send the information regarding the event proposal to one or more client devices, where each of the client devices is associated with one of the invitees. The computer server may receive feedback regarding the event proposal from at least one of the invitees, and based on the received feedback, the computer server may determine at least one of the missing significant details of the event proposal. The computer server may send information regarding final details of an event based on the event proposal to one or more of the client devices associated with the invitees.

Abstract: A manufacturing method to form a memory device includes forming a hard mask on a magnetic stack. A first magnetic stack etch is performed to form exposed magnetic layers. A liner is applied to the exposed magnetic layers to form protected magnetic layers. A second magnetic stack etch forms a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell, where the liner prevents shunting between the protected magnetic layers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a thermally-assisted magnetic tunnel junction structure including a thermal barrier. The thermal barrier is composed of a cermet material in a disordered form such that the thermal barrier has a low thermal conductivity and a high electric conductivity. Compared to conventional magnetic tunnel junction structures, the disclosed structure can be switched faster and has improved compatibility with standard semiconductor fabrication processes.

Abstract: A manufacturing method to form a memory device includes forming a hard mask on a magnetic stack. A first magnetic stack etch is performed to form exposed magnetic layers. A liner is applied to the exposed magnetic layers to form protected magnetic layers. A second magnetic stack etch forms a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell, where the liner prevents shunting between the protected magnetic layers.

Abstract: A system and method for electronically evaluating and selecting schools based on user inputs is provided. The system may include a server for receiving and processing information and preferences of a student provided by a user and databases for storing such information. The system may also receive and process information from alumni and other sources to create a profile for a school. An algorithm provided by the system may be used to provide the user a report and custom ranking of schools based on the student information and preferences, and school profiles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of forming electronic device having thin-film components by using trenches. One or more of thin-film components is formed by depositing a thin-film in the trench followed by processing the deposited thin-film to have the desired thickness.

Abstract: A method for managing projects for a small business using a graphical user interface (GUI). The method includes receiving, at a current time, a request to schedule a new project at a location and a future time selected by a user, identifying a plurality of available workers of the small business available to work on the new project at the future time, displaying, within the GUI, a new project avatar of the new project at the location on a map and a plurality of available worker avatars corresponding to the plurality of available workers, and assigning a first available worker of the plurality of available workers to the new project.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of forming electronic device having thin-film components by using trenches. One or more of thin-film components is formed by depositing a thin-film in the trench followed by processing the deposited thin-film to have the desired thickness.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a magnetic element to be written using a thermally-assisted switching write operation comprising a magnetic tunnel junction formed from a tunnel barrier being disposed between first and second magnetic layers, said second magnetic layer having a second magnetization which direction can be adjusted during a write operation when the magnetic tunnel junction is heated at a high threshold temperature; an upper current line connected at the upper end of the magnetic tunnel junction; and a strap portion extending laterally and connected to the bottom end of the magnetic tunnel junction; the magnetic device further comprising a bottom thermal insulating layer extending substantially parallel to the strap portion and arranged such that the strap portion is between the magnetic tunnel junction and the bottom thermal insulating layer. The magnetic element allows for reducing heat losses during the write operation and has reduced power consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of forming electronic device having thin-film components by using trenches. One or more of thin-film components is formed by depositing a thin-film in the trench followed by processing the deposited thin-film to have the desired thickness.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of forming electronic device having thin-film components by using trenches. One or more of thin-film components is formed by depositing a thin-film in the trench followed by processing the deposited thin-film to have the desired thickness.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a magnetic element to be written using a thermally-assisted switching write operation comprising a magnetic tunnel junction formed from a tunnel barrier being disposed between first and second magnetic layers, said second magnetic layer having a second magnetization which direction can be adjusted during a write operation when the magnetic tunnel junction is heated at a high threshold temperature; an upper current line connected at the upper end of the magnetic tunnel junction; and a strap portion extending laterally and connected to the bottom end of the magnetic tunnel junction; the magnetic device further comprising a bottom thermal insulating layer extending substantially parallel to the strap portion and arranged such that the strap portion is between the magnetic tunnel junction and the bottom thermal insulating layer. The magnetic element allows for reducing heat losses during the write operation and has reduced power consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a thermally-assisted magnetic tunnel junction structure including a thermal barrier. The thermal barrier is composed of a cermet material in a disordered form such that the thermal barrier has a low thermal conductivity and a high electric conductivity. Compared to conventional magnetic tunnel junction structures, the disclosed structure can be switched faster and has improved compatibility with standard semiconductor fabrication processes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of forming electronic device having thin-film components by using trenches. One or more of thin-film components is formed by depositing a thin-film in the trench followed by processing the deposited thin-film to have the desired thickness.

Abstract: A method of forming a low dielectric constant structure. The method comprises providing at a first temperature a dielectric material having a first dielectric constant and a first elastic modulus, and curing the dielectric material by a thermal curing process, in which the material is heated to a second temperature by increasing the temperature at an average rate of at least 1° C. per second. As a result a densified, dielectric material is obtained which has a low dielectric constant.