Abstract: Provided herein are titanium alloys that can achieve a combination of high strength and high toughness or elongation, and a method to produce the alloys. By tolerating iron, oxygen, and other incidental elements and impurities, the alloys enable the use of lower quality scrap as raw materials. The alloys are castable and can form ?-phase laths in a basketweave morphology by a commercially feasible heat treatment that does not require hot-working or rapid cooling rates. The alloys comprise, by weight, about 3.0% to about 6.0% aluminum, 0% to about 1.5% tin, about 2.0% to about 4.0% vanadium, about 0.5% to about 4.5% molybdenum, about 1.0% to about 2.5% chromium, about 0.20% to about 0.55% iron, 0% to about 0.35% oxygen, 0% to about 0.007% boron, and 0% to about 0.60% other incidental elements and impurities, the balance of weight percent comprising titanium. There exists an unmet need to produce titanium alloys for use in aerospace applications which have a refined equiaxed grain structure.

Abstract: A vehicle can be configured to include a body having a body bottom conjoined with a body sidewall and a body top forming a body cavity. The body top includes a body top opening and the body sidewall includes a body sidewall opening. The vehicle can include a payload housing having a payload bottom conjoined with a payload housing sidewall and a payload housing top forming a payload housing cavity, wherein the payload housing cavity is configured to hold at least one operating module for the vehicle. The vehicle can include at least one arm. The vehicle can include at least one interlocking arrangement of the body top opening or body side wall configured to removably secure the payload housing and the at least one arm to the body. Each of the body, the payload housing, and the at least one arm can be structured with additive manufactured material.

Abstract: A vehicle can be configured to include a body having a body bottom conjoined with a body sidewall and a body top forming a body cavity. The body top includes a body top opening and the body sidewall includes a body sidewall opening. The vehicle can include a payload housing having a payload bottom conjoined with a payload housing sidewall and a payload housing top forming a payload housing cavity, wherein the payload housing cavity is configured to hold at least one operating module for the vehicle. The vehicle can include at least one arm. The vehicle can include at least one interlocking arrangement of the body top opening or body side wall configured to removably secure the payload housing and the at least one arm to the body. Each of the body, the payload housing, and the at least one arm can be structured with additive manufactured material.

Abstract: Provided herein are titanium alloys that can achieve a combination of high strength and high toughness or elongation, and a method to produce the alloys. By tolerating iron, oxygen, and other incidental elements and impurities, the alloys enable the use of lower quality scrap as raw materials. The alloys are castable and can form ?-phase laths in a basketweave morphology by a commercially feasible heat treatment that does not require hot-working or rapid cooling rates. The alloys comprise, by weight, about 3.0% to about 6.0% aluminum, 0% to about 1.5% tin, about 2.0% to about 4.0% vanadium, about 0.5% to about 4.5% molybdenum, about 1.0% to about 2.5% chromium, about 0.20% to about 0.55% iron, 0% to about 0.35% oxygen, 0% to about 0.007% boron, and 0% to about 0.60% other incidental elements and impurities, the balance of weight percent comprising titanium. There exists an unmet need to produce titanium alloys for use in aerospace applications which have a refined equiaxed grain structure.

Abstract: Provided herein are titanium alloys that can achieve a combination of high strength and high toughness or elongation, and a method to produce the alloys. By tolerating iron, oxygen, and other incidental elements and impurities, the alloys enable the use of lower quality scrap as raw materials. The alloys are castable and can form ?-phase laths in a basketweave morphology by a commercially feasible heat treatment that does not require hot-working or rapid cooling rates. The alloys comprise, by weight, about 3.0% to about 6.0% aluminum, 0% to about 1.5% tin, about 2.0% to about 4.0% vanadium, about 0.5% to about 4.5% molybdenum, about 1.0% to about 2.5% chromium, about 0.20% to about 0.55% iron, 0% to about 0.35% oxygen, 0% to about 0.007% boron, and 0% to about 0.60% other incidental elements and impurities, the balance of weight percent comprising titanium.

Abstract: A case hardened gear steel having enhanced core fracture toughness includes by weight percent about 16.3Co, 7.5Ni, 3.5Cr, 1.75Mo, 0.2W, 0.11C, 0.03Ti, and 0.02V and the balance Fe, characterized as a predominantly lath martensitic microstructure essentially free of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases and carburized to include fine M2C carbides to provide a case hardness of at least about 62 HRC and a core toughness of at least about 50 ksi?in.

Abstract: A lead-free copper alloy includes, in combination by weight, about 10.0% to about 20.0% bismuth, about 0.05% to about 0.3% phosphorous, about 2.2% to about 10.0% tin, up to about 5.0% antimony, and up to about 0.02% boron, the balance essentially copper and incidental elements and impurities. The alloy contains no more than about 0.05 wt. % or 0.10 wt. % lead.

Abstract: A lead-free copper alloy includes, in combination by weight, about 10.0% to about 20.0% bismuth, about 0.05% to about 0.3% phosphorous, about 2.2% to about 10.0% tin, up to about 5.0% antimony, and up to about 0.02% boron, the balance essentially copper and incidental elements and impurities. The alloy contains no more than about 0.05 wt. % or 0.10 wt. % lead.

Abstract: Provided herein are titanium alloys that can achieve a combination of high strength and high toughness or elongation, and a method to produce the alloys. By tolerating iron, oxygen, and other incidental elements and impurities, the alloys enable the use of lower quality scrap as raw materials. The alloys are castable and can form ?-phase laths in a basketweave morphology by a commercially feasible heat treatment that does not require hot-working or rapid cooling rates. The alloys comprise, by weight, about 3.0% to about 6.0% aluminum, 0% to about 1.5% tin, about 2.0% to about 4.0% vanadium, about 0.5% to about 4.5% molybdenum, about 1.0% to about 2.5% chromium, about 0.20% to about 0.55% iron, 0% to about 0.35% oxygen, 0% to about 0.007% boron, and 0% to about 0.60% other incidental elements and impurities, the balance of weight percent comprising titanium.

Abstract: A case hardened gear steel having enhanced core fracture toughness includes by weight percent about 16.3Co, 7.5Ni, 3.5Cr, 1.75Mo, 0.2W, 0.11C, 0.03Ti, and 0.02V and the balance Fe, characterized as a predominantly lath martensitic microstructure essentially free of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases and carburized to include fine M2C carbides to provide a case hardness of at least about 62 HRC and a core toughness of at least about 50 ksi?in.