Abstract: A reference circuit, an oscillator architecture that includes the reference circuit and a method for operating the reference circuit are described. In one embodiment, the reference circuit includes a voltage reference generator configured to generate a reference voltage and a current reference generator configured to generate a reference current based on the reference voltage. The current reference generator includes a level shifter circuit configured to generate intermediate voltages based on the reference voltage, a first current reference circuit configured to generate intermediate currents based on the intermediate voltages, where the intermediate currents are correlated to the reference voltage, and a second current reference circuit configured to combine the intermediate currents to generate the reference current. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A reference circuit, an oscillator architecture that includes the reference circuit and a method for operating the reference circuit are described. In one embodiment, the reference circuit includes a voltage reference generator configured to generate a reference voltage and a current reference generator configured to generate a reference current based on the reference voltage. The current reference generator includes a level shifter circuit configured to generate intermediate voltages based on the reference voltage, a first current reference circuit configured to generate intermediate currents based on the intermediate voltages, where the intermediate currents are correlated to the reference voltage, and a second current reference circuit configured to combine the intermediate currents to generate the reference current. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A system, method, computer program and article of manufacture for membership list management is described. A rules-based membership list is built and cached. Any modifications to the member objects are incrementally added to the cache, and are submitted to a change log. Queries access the membership in the cache instead of having to execute the rules to build the list. The change log entries allow membership modification notifications to be sent to any subscribing application.

Abstract: A system, method, computer program and article of manufacture for membership list management is described. A rules-based membership list is built and cached. Any modifications to the member objects are incrementally added to the cache, and are submitted to a change log. Queries access the membership in the cache instead of having to execute the rules to build the list. The change log entries allow membership modification notifications to be sent to any subscribing application.