Abstract: A method of preparing refractory inorganic oxide fibers. A substantially liquid phase reaction mixture is formed consisting essentially of an inorganic oxide sol, e.g., an alumina sol, and a soluble, fiber-forming organic polymer, e.g., polyethylene oxide. The reaction mixture is concentrated, drawn into fibers and calcined.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for alkylating an isoparaffin with an olefin using HF acid. Unreacted isoparaffin, usually isobutane, is recycled. The presence of a free HF acid phase in isobutane recycled to the reaction zone can be tolerated because the deleterious effects of the HF acid are attenuated by the addition of an organic diluent. A preferred source of organic diluent is the bottoms fraction from the HF acid regenerator.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a solid bed catalyst system which comprises treating a charcoal-containing solid support with steam and a substantially inert gas at a temperature of from about 800.degree. F. to about 950.degree. F. for a period of time comprising from about 2 hours to about 6 hours, drying the treated bed and impregnating the dried charcoal-containing solid support with from about 0.001 weight percent to about 10.00 weight percent of a metal phthalocyanine compound.

Abstract: In an HF alkylation process it has been found that combining olefin-acting reactant with a recycle stream including isobutane and HF upstream of an alkylation reaction zone is not harmful to alkylate product quality except when the HF is in a free state, i.e., the HF concentration is above the HF solubility level of the recycle stream. Soluble HF in the recycle stream is not harmful to alkylate product quality, therefore, in an embodiment, the overhead vapor stream of an isobutane stripper is condensed, cooled to a separation temperature, and separated into an HF phase and a hydrocarbon phase, a portion of which is withdrawn as an acid saturated recycle stream including isobutane and entrained acid, and heated to a temperature sufficient to place in solution the entrained acid prior to combination of the acid saturated recycle stream with the olefin-acting reactants.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkylation reaction product from an isoparaffin and an olefinic reactant containing 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutylene by fractionating the olefinic reactant into a 2-butene fraction and a separate 1-butene and isobutylene fraction. The 2-butene is charged to an HF alkylation reaction zone with isobutane. The mixture is heated by the endothermic reaction, and the fraction comprising 1-butene and isobutylene is then added to the unitary reaction zone. It is possible to alkylate these olefins at conditions which are close to the optimum conditions, using a single reactor vessel, which operates at different temperatures without the necessity for heat exchange means.

Abstract: High octane number motor fuel is produced by alkylating isobutane with an olefin to produce an alkylate separable into distinct low octane and high octane fractions, charging the low octane fraction to a fluidized catalytic cracking unit to generate more olefins which can be charged to the alkylation process to produce an increased quantity of high octane number alkylate.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbon alkylate from an isoparaffin and an olefin-acting agent. The isoparaffin, the olefin and a first, relatively low strength hydrogen fluoride catalyst are contacted in an alkylation reaction to form a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture is settled to separate a first hydrocarbon phase from the low strength catalyst phase, the first hydrocarbon phase is admixed with a second, relatively higher strength hydrogen fluoride catalyst phase in an alkylation soaker, the effluent from the soaker is settled to separate a second hydrocarbon phase from the high strength catalyst phase, and the hydrocarbon alkylate is recovered from the second hydrocarbon phase.

Abstract: In an HF alkylation process it has been found that combining olefin-acting reactant with a recycle stream including isobutane and HF upstream of an alkylation reaction zone is not harmful to alkylate product quality except when the HF is in a free state, i.e., the HF concentration is above the HF solubility level of the recycle stream. Soluble HF in the recycle stream is not harmful to alkylate product quality, therefore, in an embodiment, the overhead vapor stream of an isobutane stripper is condensed, cooled to a separation temperature, and separated into an HF phase and a hydrocarbon phase, a portion of which is withdrawn as an acid saturated recycle stream including isobutane and entrained acid, and heated to a temperature sufficient to place in solution the entrained acid prior to combination of the acid saturated recycle stream with the olefin-acting reactants.

Abstract: A process for alkylating an isoparaffin with a lighter olefin and a heavier olefin by contacting the isoparaffin with the lighter olefin and a first alkylation catalyst in a first alkylation zone, contacting the hydrocarbon effluent from the first alkylation zone with the heavier olefin and a second alkylation catalyst in a second alkylation zone, and recovering the product of the process from the hydrocarbon effluent from the second alkylation zone.