Abstract: A system may include an electronic messaging management application that may access contact information. The contact information may include information maintained by one or more system users. The electronic messaging management application may determine how to process an incoming electronic message using at least a portion of the contact information. The electronic messaging management application may determine whether to send a challenge-response message to a sender of an electronic message using at least a portion of the contact information.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for verifying that a user owns a remote account. When a user specifies from a local account a remote account to which the user desires access, an authentication server connected to the local account sends a verification message to the remote account, addressed to the remote address specified by the user. The verification message contains a marker which is irreproducible by a third party. The verification message is returned or retrieved and the marker is analyzed to determine whether it is authentic. The receipt of the marker may also have to satisfy certain use-based requirements. If the marker is validated, the user is allowed to access the remote account.

Abstract: Delivery tickets that include data and a checksum are used to authenticate incoming electronic messages on behalf of a user. The delivery ticket is located in a field in the envelope portion or in a header in the content portion of outgoing electronic messages. A bounce message or a reply message generated by a remote computer in response to the outgoing electronic message includes the delivery ticket. When the bounce message or the reply message is received by an authentication server associated with the user, the delivery ticket is authenticated to determine whether to deliver the incoming message to the user. The delivery ticket is initially validated if a checksum regenerated by applying a private key to the data of the delivery ticket is the same as the checksum included in the delivery ticket. The validation process also includes determining whether the delivery ticket complies with rules that specify the duration of time of the validity or the number of times that the delivery ticket can be used.

Abstract: A recipient computer system may receive one or more electronic messages. The recipient computer system may send one, two, or more challenge messages to the sender of the electronic messages in determining whether to deliver the electronic message. The recipient computer system may accept or reject an electronic message based on the response, or lack of response, to the challenge messages. The recipient computer system may send two or more challenge messages at intervals. A sender computer system may record activity of the sender computer system for a recipient computer system to use in determining whether to deliver an electronic message. A sender computer system may provide a summary of that activity with an electronic message. A sender computer system may provide an authorization key for a recipient computer system to use in determining whether to deliver an electronic message. The authorization key may be generated by a third party.

Abstract: An improved pipe railing system is disclosed which employs a pair of basic structural parts which may be joined by means of a unique, integral fastening mechanism to form uniform horizontal pipe railings and vertical pipe posts which may be mechanically joined without the need for welding or industrial adhesives. The improved pipe railing structure is a pair of half-cylindrical hollow body members which each have first and second terminal edges with longitudinal fasteners for joining the two halves. A unique fastener anchorage member is disposed along the inner surface of each body member, having a longitudinal recess therein, for receiving and anchoring a fastener in the axial direction. In this manner, the lower body member of a top horizontal railing may be fastened to a vertical post made up of two such body members by means of simple screw fasteners, followed by mechanically snapping an upper cylindrical body member to the lower cylindrical body member thereby completing the top horizontal railing.