Abstract: A fuel cell system for use in vehicles has a hydrogen electrode assembly, an oxygen electrode assembly, and a body of liquid electrolyte between the hydrogen electrode assembly and the oxygen electrode assembly. The hydrogen electrode assembly has a hydrogen sparger that releases fine bubbles of hydrogen gas into the electrolyte, and a hydrogen catalyst electrode having pores through which flow the electrolyte and bubbles of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing atmospheric pollutants and for producing carbon dioxide and hydrochloric acid from effluent gas streams. The effluent gas is first subjected to cryogenic refrigeration to remove many of the atmospheric pollutants as liquids and the residual gas stream is subjected to centrifugation while the carbon dioxide is frozen to occlude particulate solids and while the gaseous hydrochloric acid and nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and miscellaneous gases are liquified and separated from the frozen carbon dioxide by centrifugal force, removal of the frozen carbon dioxide to discharge, against the resistance caused by the centrifugal force.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing oil, bitumen, precious metals, and hydrocarbon gases from mined oil-bearing rock material, such as tar sands and soil shale. The rock is ground, preconditioned in a heated and pressurized atmosphere devoid of oxygen, and subsequently centrifuged in the presence of an oil-replacement gas to produce oil, and also any precious metal particles that are present in the oil-bearing rock material. The produced oil and precious metals are subsequently separated from each other by centrifuging.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing oil, bitumen, precious metals, and hydrocarbon gases from mined oil-bearing rock material, such as tar sands and soil shale. The rock is ground, preconditioned in a heated and pressurized atmosphere devoid of oxygen, and subsequently centrifuged in the presence of an oil-replacement gas to produce oil, and also any precious metal particles that are present in the oil-bearing rock material. The produced oil and precious metals are subsequently separated from each other by centrifuging.

Abstract: A process and system for growing and harvesting algae of the genus Dunaliella, along with their associated bacteria, either in a body of saline water having extensive surface area and shallow depth, or in a tank. In the former the algae are grown in a saline body of water, caused to accumulate in the upper regions of the body of water by the action of light, and caused to aggregate in the upper regions by outflowing the body of water into a first harvesting location by way of a transition channel wherein the body is changed from being shallow and wide to narrow and deep. The upper regions containing the aggregation of algae and associated bacteria are then separated as a slurry and introduced into a second harvesting location wherein salt is introduced into the slurry so as to increase its density thereby causing the algae and associated bacteria to float on the surface. The algae and associated bacteria are then harvested off the surface as a biomass by skimming or other means.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for recovering oil from so-called depleted oil fields and also from tar sands. A pressurized, heated, non-aqueous gas, such as carbon dioxide, is continuously flowed through a channel which is in heat exchange relationship with an oil-bearing matrix, thus reducing the viscosity and mobilizing the oil in the sensible boundary region. Mobilized oil flows to a collection reservoir from which it is then produced.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for burning combustibles, particularly garbage and coal, in such a manner as to prevent the venting of unwanted pollutants into the atmosphere and for recovering valuable resources. The combustibles are burned in a rotating inclined furnace; solids and molten metals are extracted at the discharge end of the furnace; the discharged gases are passed through a boiler for extracting heat therefrom and generating steam; the discharged gases are liquified by sequential cooling and the so-liquified products removed while preventing discharge of gases into the atmosphere; the remaining gases are passed through a second boiler for further extraction of heat and steam generation and further extraction of liquified products; and the effluent gases are passed into subsequent apparatus for removing any remaining pollutants and for the recovering of resources in accordance with Nielson U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,341.

Abstract: A self-propelled slip form, closed at its top, front, and sides, but open at its rear and bottom, provides a pressure chamber having the cross-sectional shape of a wall or similar structure to be cast. Such slip form may be advanced continuously at a slow rate or in stages, but whichever it is, the advance is due solely to pressure exerted against the closed front of the slip form through the intermediacy of the deposited, unset concrete or the like. Such pressure can be utilized to pre-stress reinforcing material on a continuous basis as it is fed into the pressure chamber simultaneously with deposit of the concrete or the like.

Abstract: A self-propelled slip form, closed at its top, front, and sides, but open at its rear and bottom, provides a pressure chamber having the cross-sectional shape of a wall or similar structure to be cast. Such slip form may be advanced continuously at a slow rate or in stages, but whichever it is, the advance is due solely to pressure exerted against the closed front of the slip form through the intermediacy of the deposited, unset concrete or the like. Such pressure can be utilized to pre-stress reinforcing material on a continuous basis as it is fed into the pressure chamber simultaneously with deposit of the concrete or the like.