Abstract: Chronic alcoholism is a diverse and heterogeneous disorder that can be dichotomized into cognitively intact and cognitively impaired subgroups. At a molecular level, ethanol has been shown to have both acute and chronic effects on: Membrane biophysical properties, Membrane composition and metabolism, Protein phosphorylation, Lipid metabolic signaling, Lipoprotein transport of cholesterol. Actual molecular underpinnings are determined for cognitive impairment seen in some chronic alcoholism subjects including molecular/metabolic alterations of phospholipid and ganglioside metabolisms.

Abstract: The cryopreservation media utilizes naturally occurring endogenous molecules and their chemical derivatives which act as osmotically active cryopreservative agents as well as molecules which insert into and protect specific regions of cellular membranes, lead to membrane repair, maintain normal cellular levels of energy metabolites, and act as antioxidants. Cryoperserved cells can be returned to a pre- cryopreservation state without damaging the cells resulting in a very high survival rate.

Abstract: Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and L-carntine (LCAR) are nutraceuticals with indications in treating a variety of mental health disorders. A metabolomics-guided bioprocess method is presented to enhance ALCAR and LCAR formation in germinating plant seeds. Metabolic fluxes are manipulated by germination in bioreactors to increase oxygen availability as well as provide an aseptic environment to alter carbohydrate consumption and feedback repress gluconeogenesis. Large shifts in sunflower seed fatty acid, phospholipid and high-energy metabolism change the germination environment and these metabolic changes lead to an approximate 1000-fold increase in natural LCAR and ALCAR production by the seeds. The resulting LCAR and ALCAR products from the seeds are used for treating mental health disorders including Alzheimer's disease, geriatric depression, non-geriatric depression and schizophrenia.

Abstract: Depression and bi-polar depression are treated with an acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), thereby avoiding unwanted side-effects exhibited by conventional antidepressant agents. ALCAR also helps prevents recurrent episodes of depression and bi-polar depression and both provides beneficial membrane phospholipid and high-energy phosphate changes in a brain of human subjects with major depressive disorders (MDD).